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<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en-US" lang="en-US">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
<title>OWL Web Ontology Language Semantics and Abstract Syntax </title>
<link rel="alternate" media="print" href="semantics-all.html" />
<link rel="section" href="syntax.html" />
<link rel="section" href="direct.html" />
<link rel="section" href="mapping.html" />
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</a>
<h1><a name="ST" />
OWL Web Ontology Language <br /> Semantics and Abstract Syntax </h1>
<h2><a name="SW" />
W3C Candidate Recommendation 18 August 2003
</h2>
<dl>
<dt>This version:</dt>
<dd>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/CR-owl-semantics-20030818/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/CR-owl-semantics-20030818/</a>
</dd>
<dt>Latest version:</dt>
<dd>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-semantics/">http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-semantics/</a>
</dd>
<dt>Previous version:</dt>
<dd>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-owl-semantics-20030331/">http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-owl-semantics-20030331/</a>
</dd>
<dt>Editors:</dt>
<dd>
<a href="http://www-db.research.bell-labs.com/user/pfps/">Peter F. Patel-Schneider</a>,
Bell Labs Research, Lucent Technologies<br />
<a href="http://www.coginst.uwf.edu/~phayes/">Patrick Hayes</a>,
IHMC, University of West Florida<br />
<a href="http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~horrocks/">Ian Horrocks</a>,
Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester<br />
</dd>
</dl>
<p>
This document is also available in this non-normative form: <a href="semantics-all.html">single HTML file</a>.
</p>
<p class="copyright">
<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">
Copyright</a> &#xa9; 2003 <a href="http://www.w3.org/">
<acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym></a><sup>&#xae;</sup>
(<a href="http://www.lcs.mit.edu/"><acronym title="Massachusetts
Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym></a>, <a
href="http://www.ercim.org/"><acronym title="European Research
Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym></a>, <a
href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">
liability</a>,
<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">
trademark</a>,
<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document
use</a> and
<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-software">software
licensing</a> rules apply.
</p>
<hr />
</div>
<h2><a id="abstract" name="abstract">Abstract</a></h2>
<div class="abstract">
<p>
This description of OWL, the Web Ontology Language
being designed by the W3C Web Ontology Working Group,
contains a high-level abstract syntax for both OWL DL and OWL Lite,
sublanguages of OWL.
A model-theoretic semantics is given to provide a formal meaning for OWL
ontologies written in this abstract syntax.
A model-theoretic semantics in the form of an extension to the RDF
semantics is also given to provide a formal meaning for OWL ontologies
as RDF graphs (OWL Full).
A mapping from the abstract syntax to RDF graphs is given and
the two model theories are shown to have the same consequences on
OWL ontologies that can be written in the abstract syntax.
</p>
</div>
<div class="status">
<h2><a id="status" name="status"></a>Status of this document</h2>
<p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/">W3C technical reports index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.</em></p>
<p><em>Publication as a Candidate Recommendation does not imply
endorsement by the W3C Membership. This is a draft document and may be
updated, replaced or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is
inappropriate to cite this document as other than "work in
progress".</em></p>
<p>This draft is one of <a href=
"http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/CR-owl-features-20030818/#s1.1">six
parts</a> of the <a
href="http://www.w3.org/2003/06/Process-20030618/tr.html#cfi">Candidate
Recommendation</a> (CR) for OWL, the Web Ontology Language. It has
been developed by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/">Web
Ontology Working Group</a> as part of the <a
href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/">W3C Semantic Web Activity</a> (<a
href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Activity">Activity Statement</a>, <a
href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/charter">Group Charter</a>) for
publication on 18 August 2003. </p>
<p>The design of OWL expressed in earlier versions of these documents
has been widely reviewed and satisfies the Working Group's technical
requirements. The Working Group has addressed <a
href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/">
all comments received</a>, making changes as necessary. Changes to
this document since the <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-owl-semantics-20030331/">Last Call
Working Draft</a> are detailed in the <a href="#C">change log</a>.
</p>
<p>The Working Group now hopes to gather experience from the growing
number of <a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/impls">OWL
implementations</a> in order to increase confidence in the language
and meet specific <a
href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/impls#exit">exit criteria</a>.
This CR period will extend until at least <strong><span
class="commentsDue date">20 September 2003</span></strong>. After
that date, when and if the exit criteria are met, the group intends to
request <a
href="http://www.w3.org/2003/06/Process-20030618/tr.html#RecsPR">
Proposed Recommendation</a> status.</p>
<p>Please send reports of implementation experience to <a
href="mailto:public-webont-comments@w3.org">public-webont-comments@w3.org</a>
(<a
href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/">archive</a>).
Reports of any success or difficulty with the <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/CR-owl-test-20030818/">Test Cases</a>
are encouraged, and reports received by 20 September 2003 will be
particularly helpful. General discussion of related technology is
welcome at <a href="mailto:www-rdf-logic@w3.org"
shape="rect">www-rdf-logic@w3.org</a> (<a
href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-rdf-logic/"
shape="rect">archive</a>). </p>
<p>Although OWL is essentially stable, later versions of these
documents are expected to contain minor improvements. The <a
href="http://www.w3.org/2002/03owlt/">test site</a> is likely to
include new, clarifying tests, even during this CR period.
Additionally, the design of OWL depends in part on the design of RDF,
and at this time the relevant RDF specifications are only Working
Drafts. It is therefore possible that unanticipated changes in RDF
may require changes to OWL. This document is current with
respect to RDF Editor's Draft changes made up to 7 August 2003.</p>
<p>One <a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/impls#atRisk">technical
detail</a> concerning structure reuse in <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/CR-owl-semantics-20030818/mapping.html">
Section 4 (Mapping to RDF Graphs)</a>
has been identified as <a
href="http://www.w3.org/2003/06/Process-20030618/tr.html#at-risk-feature">"at
risk"</a> and subject to change. We expect this change, if made, to
simplify rather than complicate implementations, and since it is a
relaxation of a current restriction, it will not invalidate or change
the meaning of any valid OWL or RDF documents.</p>
<p>The W3C maintains a list of <a
href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/discl" rel="disclosure">any
patent disclosures related to this work</a>.</p>
</div>
<hr />
<div class="toc">
<h2><a id="contents" name="contents">Table of contents</a></h2>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline1">1. <a href="#1">Introduction</a> (Informative)
</li>
<li class="tocline1">2. <a href="syntax.html">Abstract Syntax</a> (Normative)
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline2">2.1 <a href="syntax.html#2.1">Ontologies</a></li>
<li class="tocline2">2.2 <a href="syntax.html#2.2">Facts</a></li>
<li class="tocline2">2.3 <a href="syntax.html#2.3">Axioms</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline3">2.3.1 <a href="syntax.html#2.3.1">OWL Lite Axioms</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline4">2.3.1.1 <a href="syntax.html#2.3.1.1">OWL Lite Class Axioms</a></li>
<li class="tocline4">2.3.1.2 <a href="syntax.html#2.3.1.2">OWL Lite Restrictions</a></li>
<li class="tocline4">2.3.1.3 <a href="syntax.html#2.3.1.3">OWL Lite Property Axioms</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="tocline3">2.3.2 <a href="syntax.html#2.3.2">OWL DL Axioms</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline4">2.3.2.1 <a href="syntax.html#2.3.2.1">OWL DL Class Axioms</a></li>
<li class="tocline4">2.3.2.2 <a href="syntax.html#2.3.2.2">OWL DL Descriptions</a></li>
<li class="tocline4">2.3.2.3 <a href="syntax.html#2.3.2.3">OWL DL Restrictions</a></li>
<li class="tocline4">2.3.2.4 <a href="syntax.html#2.3.2.4">OWL DL Property Axioms</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="tocline1">3. <a href="direct.html">Direct Model-Theoretic Semantics</a> (Normative)
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline2">3.1 <a href="direct.html#3.1">Vocabularies and Interpretations</a></li>
<li class="tocline2">3.2 <a href="direct.html#3.2">Interpreting Embedded Constructs</a></li>
<li class="tocline2">3.3 <a href="direct.html#3.3">Interpreting Axioms and Facts</a></li>
<li class="tocline2">3.4 <a href="direct.html#3.4">Interpreting Ontologies</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="tocline1">4. <a href="mapping.html">Mapping to RDF Graphs</a> (Normative)
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline2">4.1 <a href="mapping.html#4.1">Translation to RDF Graphs</a></li>
<li class="tocline2">4.2 <a href="mapping.html#4.2">Definition of
OWL DL and OWL Lite Ontologies in RDF Graph Form</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="tocline1">5. <a href="rdfs.html">RDF-Compatible Model-Theoretic Semantics</a> (Normative)
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline2">5.1 <a href="rdfs.html#5.1">The OWL and RDF Universes</a></li>
<li class="tocline2">5.2 <a href="rdfs.html#5.2">OWL Interpretations</a></li>
<li class="tocline2">5.3 <a href="rdfs.html#5.3">OWL Full</a></li>
<li class="tocline2">5.4 <a href="rdfs.html#5.4">OWL DL</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline1">Appendix A. <a href="proofs.html">Proofs</a> (Informative)
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline2">A.1 <a href="proofs.html#A.1">Correspondence
between Abstract Syntax and OWL DL</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline3">A.1.1 <a href="proofs.html#A.1.1">Correspondence for Descriptions</a></li>
<li class="tocline3">A.1.2 <a href="proofs.html#A.1.2">Correspondence for Directives</a></li>
<li class="tocline3">A.1.3 <a href="proofs.html#A.1.3">From RDF Semantics to Direct Semantics</a></li>
<li class="tocline3">A.1.4 <a href="proofs.html#A.1.4">From Direct Semantics to RDF Semantics</a></li>
<li class="tocline3">A.1.5 <a href="proofs.html#A.1.5">Correspondence Theorem</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="tocline2">A.2 <a href="proofs.html#A.2">Correspondence
between OWL DL and OWL Full</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="tocline1">Appendix B. <a href="examples.html">Examples</a>
(Informative)
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline2">B.1 <a href="examples.html#B.1">Examples of
Mapping from Abstract Syntax to RDF Graphs</a></li>
<li class="tocline2">B.2 <a href="examples.html#B.2">
Examples of Entailments in OWL DL and OWL Full</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="tocline1">Appendix C. <a href="#C">Changes from Last Call</a>
(Informative)
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline2">C.1 <a href="#C.1">
Substantive changes</a></li>
<li class="tocline2">C.2 <a href="#C.2">
Editorial changes</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline1"><a href="#index">Index of Vocabulary</a> (Informative)</li>
<li class="tocline1"><a href="#acknowledgments">Acknowledgments</a> (Informative)</li>
<li class="tocline1"><a href="#references">References</a>
<ul class="toc">
<li class="tocline2"><a href="#references-normative">Normative
References</a></li>
<li class="tocline2"><a href="#references-other">Other
References</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<hr />
</div>
<h2><a name="1"></a>1. Introduction (Informative)</h2>
<p>
<span class="change">
This document is one part of the specification of OWL, the Web Ontology
Language.
The OWL Overview
[<cite><a href="#ref-overview">OWL Overview</a></cite>]
describes each of the different documents in the specification
and how they fit together.
</span>
</p>
<p>
This document
contains several interrelated normative
specifications of the several
styles of OWL, the Web Ontology Language being produced by the
<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/">W3C Web Ontology Working Group
(WebOnt)</a>.
First, <a href="syntax.html#2">Section 2</a> contains
a high-level, abstract syntax for both
<a href="syntax.html#owl-lite">OWL Lite</a>, a subset of OWL,
and <a href="syntax.html#owl-dl">OWL DL</a>, a fuller style of using OWL
but one that still places some
limitations on how OWL ontologies are constructed.
Eliminating these limitations results in the full OWL language, called
<a href="rdfs.html#owl-full">OWL Full</a>, which has the same syntax
as RDF.
The normative exchange syntax for OWL is
RDF/XML [<cite><a href="#ref-rdfsyntax">RDF Syntax</a></cite>];
the OWL Reference document
[<cite><a href="#ref-ref">OWL Reference</a></cite>]
shows how the RDF syntax is used in OWL.
A mapping from the OWL abstract syntax to
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-rdf-concepts-20030123/#section-data-model">RDF graphs</a>
[<cite><a href="#ref-rdfconcepts">RDF Concepts</a></cite>]
is, however, provided in <a href="mapping.html">Section 4</a>.
</p>
<p>
This document contains two formal semantics for OWL.
One of these semantics, defined in
<a href="direct.html#3">Section 3</a>,
is a direct, standard model-theoretic semantics for
OWL ontologies written in the abstract syntax.
The other, defined in <a href="rdfs.html#5">Section 5</a>,
is a vocabulary extension of the RDF semantics
[<cite><a href="#ref-rdfmt">RDF MT</a></cite>] that provides semantics
for OWL ontologies in the form of RDF graphs.
Two versions of this second semantics are provided, one that corresponds
more closely to the direct semantics (and is thus a semantics for OWL DL)
and one that can be used in cases where classes need to be treated as
individuals or other situations that cannot be handled in the abstract
syntax (and is thus a semantics for OWL Full). These two versions are
actually very close, only differing in how they divide up the domain of
discourse.
</p>
<p>
<a href="proofs.html">Appendix A</a>
contains a proof that the direct and RDFS-compatible semantics have the same
consequences on OWL ontologies that correspond to abstract OWL
ontologies that separate OWL individuals, OWL classes, OWL properties,
and the RDF, RDFS, and OWL structural vocabulary.
<a href="proofs.html">Appendix A</a>
also contains the sketch of a proof that the entailments in the
RDFS-compatible semantics for OWL Full include all the entailments in
the RDFS-compatible semantics for OWL DL.
Finally a few examples of the various concepts defined in the document are
presented in <a href="examples.html">Appendix B</a>.
</p>
<p>
This document is designed to be read by those interested in the
technical details of OWL. It is not particularly intended for the
casual reader, who should probably first read the OWL Guide
[<cite><a href="#ref-guide">OWL Guide</a></cite>]. Developers of parsers
and other syntactic tools for
OWL will be particularly interested in Sections
<a href="syntax.html#2">2</a> and <a href="mapping.html#4">4</a>.
Developers of reasoners and other semantic tools for OWL will be
particulary interested in Sections
<a href="direct.html#3">3</a> and <a href="rdfs.html#5">5</a>.
</p>
<hr />
<!-- split here -->
<h2><a name="C"></a>Appendix C. Changes from Last Call (Informative)</h2>
<div class="change">
<p>
This appendix provides an informative account of the changes from the
last-call version of this document.
Post-last call changes to the document, except for some minor changes to
fix formatting, etc., are indicated in the style of this appendix.
</p>
<h3><a name="C.1"></a>C.1 Substantive changes</h3>
<p>
This section provides information on the changes to the document that make
changes to the specification of OWL.
</p>
<ul>
<li> [10 April 2003]
In response to
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Apr/0046.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Apr/0046.html</a>,
added <span class="syntax">owl:Class</span>,
<span class="syntax">owl:Restriction</span>,
<span class="syntax">owl:ObjectProperty</span>,
<span class="syntax">owl:DatatypeProperty</span>,
<span class="syntax">owl:AnnotationProperty</span>,
<span class="syntax">owl:OntologyProperty</span>,
<span class="syntax">owl:Ontology</span>,
<span class="syntax">owl:AllDifferent</span>,
<span class="syntax">owl:FunctionalProperty</span>,
<span class="syntax">owl:InverseFunctionalProperty</span>,
<span class="syntax">owl:SymmetricProperty</span>, and
<span class="syntax">owl:TransitiveProperty</span>
to C<sub>I</sub>
in <a href="rdfs.html#5.2">Section 5.2</a>. Some of these were
inferrable already.
</li>
<li> [10 April 2003]
Related to
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Apr/0046.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Apr/0046.html</a>,
added <span class="syntax">owl:distinctMembers</span>
to R<sub>I</sub>
in <a href="rdfs.html#5.2">Section 5.2</a>.
</li>
<li> [15 April 2003]
In response to
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Apr/0064.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Apr/0064.html</a>,
added <span class="syntax">owl:OntologyProperty</span>
to the disallowed vocabulary
in <a href="mapping.html#disallowed_owl_vocabulary">disallowed OWL vocabulary</a>
in <a href="mapping.html#4.2">Section 4.2</a>.
</li>
<li> [5 May 2003]
Per a decision of the Web Ontology working group on 1 May 2003
to add <span class="syntax">owl:Nothing</span> to OWL Lite,
recorded in
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003May/0017.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003May/0017.html</a>,
changed <a href="syntax.html#owl_Nothing_syntax">the introduction of
owl:Nothing</a> to so indicate.
The <a href="#owl_Nothing">index</a> for
<span class="syntax">owl:Nothing</span>
was also updated.
</li>
<li> [9 May 2003]
To improve internal consistency, added optional
<span class="syntax">rdf:Property</span> types for Annotation
Properties in
<a href="mapping.html#4.1">Section 4.1</a>.
</li>
<li> [30 May 2003]
Per a decision of the Web Ontology working group on 29 May 2003 to
modify the mapping of EquivalentClasses,
recorded in
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003May/0402.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003May/0402.html</a>
and in response to
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Apr/0003.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Apr/0003.html</a>
and <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0052.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0052.html</a>,
changed the mapping rule for
EquivalentClasses(d1 ... dn)
to
T(di) owl:equivalentTo T(dj) . for all &lt;i,j&gt; in G
where G is a set of pairs over {1,...,n} that if
interpreted as an undirected graph forms a connected graph
for {1,...,n}.
</li>
<li> [30 May 2003]
Per a decision of the Web Ontology working group on 29 May 2003 to
add axioms for ontology properties,
recorded in
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003May/0402.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003May/0402.html</a>,
added axioms for ontology properties to the OWL Lite and OWL DL
abstract syntax in Sections <a href="syntax.html#2.3.1.3">2.3.1.3</a>.
and <a href="syntax.html#2.3.2.4">Section 2.3.2.4</a>;
added direct semantics conditions for ontology property axioms
in <a href="direct.html#3.3">Section 3.3</a>; and
added a mapping for ontology property axioms
in <a href="mapping.html#4.1">Section 4.1</a>.
Fixed the proofs of <a href="proofs.html#lemma-2">Lemma 2</a>
and <a href="proofs.html#lemma-3">Lemma 3</a>.
</li>
<li> [30 May 2003]
Per a decision of the Web Ontology working group on 29 May 2003 to
change the semantics for
<span class="syntax">owl:intersectionOf</span> and related
resources from an intensional semantics to an extensional semantics,
recorded in
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003May/0402.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003May/0402.html</a>,
modified the semantic conditions for
<span class="syntax">owl:intersectionOf</span>,
<span class="syntax">owl:unionOf</span>,
<span class="syntax">owl:complementOf</span>, and
<span class="syntax">owl:oneOf</span>
in <a href="rdfs.html#5.2">Section 5.2</a>.
No change needed to be made to the proof of
<a href="proofs.html#lemma-1">Lemma 1</a>.
Fixed the proofs of
<a href="proofs.html#lemma-4">Lemma 4</a> and
<a href="proofs.html#lemma-2">Lemma 2</a>.
</li>
<li> [2 June 2003]
In response to an observation by Jeremy Carroll in
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jun/0004.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jun/0004.html</a>,
changed the mapping rule for anonymous individuals with no types
slightly in <a href="mapping.html#4.1">Section 4.1</a>.
</li>
<li> [4 June 2003]
In response to
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jun/0011.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jun/0011.html</a>,
the treatment of datatypes and rdfs:Literal has been slightly
changed in <a href="syntax.html#2.3.1.3">Section 2.3.1.3</a>,
<a href="syntax.html#2.3.2.3">Section 2.3.2.3</a>, and
<a href="mapping.html#4.1">Section 4.1</a>.
</li>
<li> [4 June 2003]
In response to
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0050.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0050.html</a>,
point owlsas-rdf-equivalent-class, modified the treatment of
ontology annotations in <a href="direct.html#3.4">Section 3.4</a>.
</li>
<li> [5 June 2003]
In response to a comment by Jeremy Carroll in
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jun/0004.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jun/0004.html</a>,
the direct semantics has been modified to allow for domain elements
that are not OWL individuals. These domain elements are used to
provide meaning for annotations on classes, properties, and ontologies.
Changes have been made in
<a href="direct.html#3.1">Section 3.1</a>,
<a href="direct.html#3.2">Section 3.2</a>,
<a href="direct.html#3.3">Section 3.3</a>,
and
<a href="proofs.html#A.1">Appendix A.1</a>.
</li>
<li> [6 June 2003]
Changed the treatment of datatypes to correspond with the
substantive post-last-call fixes and changes to the treatment of
datatypes in RDF.
<!-- Take out link to editor's draft.
See <a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/RDFCore/TR/WD-rdf-mt-20030117/">
http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/RDFCore/TR/WD-rdf-mt-20030117/</a>.
-->
Changes have been made in
<a href="direct.html#3.1">Section 3.1</a> and
<a href="proofs.html#A.1">Appendix A.1</a>.
</li>
<li> [26 June 2003]
Per a decision of the Web Ontology working group on 26 June 2003
to replace <span class="syntax">owl:sameIndividualAs</span> with
<span class="syntax">owl:sameAs</span>,
recorded in
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jun/0364.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jun/0364.html</a>,
made changes to
<a href="syntax.html#2.2">Section 2.2</a>,
<a href="direct.html#3.3">Section 3.3</a>,
<a href="mapping.html#4.1">Section 4.1</a>,
<a href="mapping.html#4.2">Section 4.2</a>,
<a href="rdfs.html#5.2">Section 5.2</a>, and
<a href="proofs.html#A.1">Appendix A.1</a>.
</li>
<li> [30 June 2003]
Fixed a bug in the semantic conditions for
<span class="syntax">owl:hasValue</span>
noticed by Jeremy Carroll, changing the conditions for the value
from a property to an individual or a data value
in <a href="rdfs.html#5.2">Section 5.2</a>.
</li>
<li> [23 July 2003]
In response to a substantive post-last-call change to the RDF semantics,
changing the if-and-only-if conditions for
<span class="syntax">rdfs:subClassOf</span> and
<span class="syntax">rdfs:subPropertyOf</span> to only-if
conditions,
added if-and-only-if conditions for
<span class="syntax">rdfs:subClassOf</span>,
over OWL classes, and
<span class="syntax">rdfs:subPropertyOf</span>,
over OWL individual-valued properties and
over OWL datatype properties,
to <a href="rdfs.html#5.2">Section 5.2</a>.
</li>
<li> [23 July 2003]
In response to a substantive change to the RDF syntax mapping to
triples, removing the typing triples for collections,
[applicable document unknown],
made typing of list resources optional in
<a href="mapping.html#4.1">Section 4.1</a>.
Also modified an example in
<a href="examples.html#B.1">Appendix B.1</a>.
</li>
</ul>
<h3><a name="C.2"></a>C.2 Editorial changes</h3>
<p>
This section provides information on editorial changes to the document,
i.e., changes that do not affect the specification of OWL.
</p>
<ul>
<li> [3 April 2003 and following]
This appendix was added to the document and will be kept
up-to-date.</li>
<li> [9 April 2003]
In response to
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0023.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0023.html</a>,
point 1, added ``, and is part of OWL DL, but not part of OWL
Lite'' where <span class="syntax">owl:Nothing</span> is
introduced in <a href="syntax.html#2.1">Section 2.1</a>.
[Subsequently undone, due to decision to add
<span class="syntax">owl:Nothing</span> to OWL Lite.]
</li>
<li> [9 April 2003]
In response to
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0023.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0023.html</a>,
point 2, changed ``most information about properties'' to
``most information concerning properties''
in <a href="syntax.html#2.3">Section 2.3</a>.
</li>
<li> [14 April 2003]
In response to
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0029.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0029.html</a>,
point 1, added
``Because there is no standard way to go from a URI reference to an XML
Schema datatype in an XML Schema, there is no standard way to use
user-defined XML Schema datatypes in OWL.''
to the discusion of allowable XML Schema datatypes in
<a href="syntax.html#2">Section 2</a>.
</li>
<li> [14 April 2003]
In response to
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0029.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0029.html</a>,
point 2.1, added
``(The property rdf:type is added to the annotation properties so as
to provide a meaning for deprecation, see
<a href="direct.html#owl_DeprecatedClass_semantics">below</a>.)'' after
``ER provides meaning for URI references that are used as
OWL properties.'' in
<a href="direct.html#3.1">Section 3.1</a>.
</li>
<li> [14 April 2003]
In response to
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0029.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0029.html</a>,
point 2.3, added ``A datatype theory must contain datatypes for
<span class="syntax">xsd:string</span> and
<span class="syntax">xsd:integer</span>. It may contain datatypes
for the other
<a href="syntax.html#owl_built_in_datatypes">built-in XML Schema
datatypes that are suitable for use in OWL</a>. It may also
contain other datatypes, but there is no provision in the OWL
syntax for conveying what these datatypes are.'' just after the
definition of a datatype theory in
<a href="direct.html#3.1">Section 3.1</a>.
</li>
<li> [14 April 2003]
In response to
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0029.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0029.html</a>,
point 2.5, added ``annotations'' the the list of things that EC is
extended to in
<a href="direct.html#3.2">Section 3.2</a>.
</li>
<li> [9 May 2003]
In response to
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0050.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0050.html</a>,
point owlsas-rdf-datatype-denotation, remove the phrase ``as in RDF''
from
<a href="syntax.html#2.1">Section 2.1</a>.
</li>
<li> [9 May 2003]
In response to
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0050.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0050.html</a>,
point owlsas-rdf-equivalent-class, added an explanation of why one
might admit <span class="syntax">EquivalentClasses</span> with only
one description in
<a href="syntax.html#2.3.2.1">Section 2.3.2.1</a>.
</li>
<li> [9 May 2003]
In response to
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0050.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0050.html</a>,
added ``, for n>=1 '' in the semantic condition for
multi-restrictions in
<a href="direct.html#3.2">Section 3.2</a>.
</li>
<li> [9 May 2003]
In response to
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0050.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0050.html</a>,
changed to ``include class identifiers and restrictions''
in <a href="syntax.html#2.3.2.2">Section 2.3.2.2</a>
and ``Elements of the OWL vocabulary that construct descriptions''
in <a href="rdfs.html#5.2">Section 5.2</a>.
</li>
<li> [13 May 2003]
In response to
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003May/0180.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003May/0180.html</a>,
the links in the table of contents for
in <a href="proofs.html">Appendix A.</a>
were fixed.
</li>
<li> [14 May 2003]
In response to
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0030.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0030.html</a>,
added a new paragraph to the beginning of
<a href="mapping.html">Section 4.</a>
</li>
<li> [14 May 2003]
In response to
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0057.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0057.html</a>,
made some changes to the wording on OWL ontologies in the abstract
syntax near the beginning of
<a href="syntax.html#2.1">Section 2.1.</a>
</li>
<li> [14 May 2003]
In response to
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0057.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0057.html</a>,
added anchors to the transformations in
<a href="mapping.html#4.1">Section 4.1.</a>
</li>
<li> [14 May 2003]
In response to some discussion about ontology names
changed the discussion of the purpose of ontology names in
<a href="syntax.html#2.1">Section 2.1.</a>
</li>
<li> [22 May 2003]
In response to a message from Jeff Heflin,
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003May/0302.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003May/0302.html</a>,
added a comment to the effect tools should determine entailment
between imports closures in
<a href="rdfs.html#5.3">Section 5.3</a> and
<a href="rdfs.html#5.4">Section 5.4</a>.
(Removed on 27 May 2003.)
</li>
<li> [22 May 2003]
Changed ``consistent with the Web'' to ``imports closed''
<a href="rdfs.html#5.3">Section 5.3</a> and
<a href="proofs.html">Appendix A</a>.
</li>
<li> [26 May 2003]
In response to
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003May/0335.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003May/0335.html</a>,
changed several `if' to `iff' in definitions in
<a href="direct.html#3.4">Section 3.4</a>,
<a href="rdfs.html#5.3">Section 5.3</a>, and
<a href="rdfs.html#5.4">Section 5.4</a>.
This is editorial as
complete definitions are often written using `if'.
</li>
<li> [30 May 2003]
Fixed a typographical error in the proof of
<a href="proofs.html#lemma-4">Lemma 4</a>.
</li>
<li> [4 June 2003]
In response to
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0029.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0029.html</a>,
points 2.2 and 2.3, the status of
<span class="syntax">rdfs:Literal</span> and
<span class="syntax">rdf:XMLLiteral</span> has been clarified in
<a href="syntax.html">Section 2</a>,
<a href="syntax.html#2.1">Section 2.1</a>, and
<a href="mapping.html#4.2">Section 4.2</a>.
</li>
<li> [19 June 2003]
In response to
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jun/0257.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jun/0257.html</a>,
changed to note after the proof of
<a href="rdfs.html#theorem-2">Theorem 2</a>
in <a href="proofs.html#A.2">Appendix A.2</a>
to note that the converse of the theorem is not true.
</li>
<li> [19 June 2003]
In response to
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0055.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003May/0055.html</a>,
changed some explanatory text concerning the transformation to
triples in <a href="mapping.html#4.1">Section 4.1</a>.
</li>
<li> [19 June 2003]
In response to
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jun/0264.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jun/0264.html</a>,
added introductory material about the other WebOnt documents to
<a href="#1">Section 1</a>.
</li>
<li> [24 June 2003]
In response to
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0069.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003May/0069.html</a>,
added note about correspondence to existing DLs to
<a href="syntax.html#2">Section 2</a>.
</li>
<li> [22 July 2003]
In response to
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Jul/0011.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Jul/0011.html</a> and
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Jul/0041.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Jul/0041.html</a>,
changed several uses of ``object'' to ``individual'' or ``individual-valued'' in
<a href="syntax.html#2">Section 2</a> and
<a href="rdfs.html#5.2">Section 5.2</a> and made other editorial
changes to <a href="rdfs.html#5.2">Section 5.2</a>.
</li>
<li> [23 July 2003]
To remove any reference to tools, made wording changes in
<a href="direct.html#3.1">Section 3.1</a> and
<a href="syntax.html#2.1">Section 2.1</a>, concerning the treatment
of datatypes.
</li>
<li> [25 July 2003]
In response to
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0064.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-webont-comments/2003Apr/0064.html</a>,
added explicit tagging of the informative or normative nature of
all sections.
</li>
<li> [25 July 2003]
In response to
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jul/0296.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jul/0296.html</a>,
removed a comment about the relationship between the two model
theories from
<a href="#1">Section 1</a>.
</li>
<li> [6 August 2003]
In response to
<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jul/0015.html">
http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-webont-wg/2003Jul/0015.html</a>,
changed <span class="syntax">owl:IndividualProperty</span>
to <span class="syntax">owl:ObjectProperty</span> in
<a href="proofs#A.2">Appendix A.2</a>.
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<hr />
<h2><a id="index" name="index">Index of Vocabulary (Informative)</a></h2>
<p>
The following table provides pointers to information about each
element of the OWL vocabulary, as well as some elements of the RDF and RDFS
vocabularies.
The first column points to the vocabulary element's major definition
in the abstract syntax of <a href="syntax.html#2">Section 2</a>.
The second column points to the vocabulary element's major definition
in the OWL Lite abstract syntax.
The third column points to the vocabularly element's major definition
in the direct semantics of <a href="direct.html#3">Section 3</a>.
The fourth column points to the major piece of the translation from
the abstract syntax to triples for the vocabulary element
<a href="mapping.html#4">Section 4</a>.
The fifth column points to the vocabularly element's major definition
in the RDFS-compatible semantics of <a href="rdfs.html#5">Section 5</a>.
</p>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0">
<caption>Vocabulary Terms</caption>
<thead>
<tr><th>Vocabulary Term</th>
<th>Abstract OWL DL Syntax</th>
<th>Abstract OWL Lite Syntax</th>
<th>Direct Semantics</th>
<th>Mapping to Triples</th>
<th>RDFS-Compatible Semantics</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_AllDifferent">owl:AllDifferent</a></td>
<td class="index"></td>
<td class="index"></td>
<td class="index"></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_AllDifferent_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_AllDifferent_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_allValuesFrom">owl:allValuesFrom</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_allValuesFrom_syntax">2.3.2.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_allValuesFrom_syntax_lite">2.3.1.2</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_allValuesFrom_semantics">3.2</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_allValuesFrom_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_allValuesFrom_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_AnnotationProperty">owl:AnnotationProperty</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_AnnotationProperty_syntax_lite">2.3.1.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_AnnotationProperty_syntax">2.3.2.4</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_AnnotationProperty_semantics"><span class="change">3.2</span></a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_AnnotationProperty_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_AnnotationProperty_rdf"><span class="change">5.2</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_backwardCompatibleWith">owl:backwardCompatibleWith</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_backwardCompatibleWith_syntax">2.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_backwardCompatibleWith_syntax">2.1</a></td>
<td class="index"></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_backwardCompatibleWith_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_cardinality">owl:cardinality</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_cardinality_syntax">2.3.2.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_cardinality_syntax_lite">2.3.1.2</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_cardinality_semantics">3.2</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_cardinality_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_cardinality_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_Class">owl:Class</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_Class_syntax">2.3.2.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_Class_syntax_lite">2.3.1.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_Class_semantics">3.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_Class_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_Class_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_complementOf">owl:complementOf</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_complementOf_syntax">2.3.2.2</a></td>
<td class="index"></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_complementOf_semantics">3.2</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_complementOf_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_complementOf_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_DatatypeProperty">owl:DatatypeProperty</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_DatatypeProperty_syntax">2.3.2.4</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_DatatypeProperty_syntax_lite">2.3.1.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_DatatypeProperty_semantics">3.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_DatatypeProperty_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_DatatypeProperty_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_DeprecatedClass">owl:DeprecatedClass</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_DeprecatedClass_syntax">2.3.2.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_DeprecatedClass_syntax_lite">2.3.1.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_DeprecatedClass_semantics">3.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_DeprecatedClass_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_DeprecatedClass_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_DeprecatedProperty">owl:DeprecatedProperty</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_DeprecatedProperty_syntax">2.3.2.4</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_DeprecatedProperty_syntax_lite">2.3.1.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_DeprecatedProperty_semantics">3.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_DeprecatedProperty_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_DeprecatedProperty_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_DataRange">owl:DataRange</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_DataRange_syntax">2.3.2.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_DataRange_syntax_lite"><span class="change">2.3.1.2</span></a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_DataRange_semantics">3.2</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_DataRange_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_DataRange_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_differentFrom">owl:differentFrom</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_differentFrom_syntax">2.2</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_differentFrom_syntax">2.2</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_differentFrom_semantics">3.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_differentFrom_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_differentFrom_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_disjointWith">owl:disjointWith</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_disjointWith_syntax">2.3.2.1</a></td>
<td class="index"></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_disjointWith_semantics">3.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_disjointWith_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_disjointWith_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_distinctMembers">owl:distinctMembers</a></td>
<td class="index"></td>
<td class="index"></td>
<td class="index"></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_distinctMembers_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_distinctMembers_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_equivalentClass">owl:equivalentClass</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_equivalentClass_syntax">2.3.2.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_equivalentClass_syntax_lite">2.3.1.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_equivalentClass_semantics">3.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_equivalentClass_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_equivalentClass_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_equivalentProperty">owl:equivalentProperty</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_equivalentProperty_syntax">2.3.1.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_equivalentProperty_syntax">2.3.1.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_equivalentProperty_semantics">3.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_equivalentProperty_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_equivalentProperty_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_FunctionalProperty">owl:FunctionalProperty</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_FunctionalProperty_syntax">2.3.2.4</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_FunctionalProperty_syntax_lite">2.3.1.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_FunctionalProperty_semantics">3.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_FunctionalProperty_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_FunctionalProperty_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_hasValue">owl:hasValue</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_hasValue_syntax">2.3.2.3</a></td>
<td class="index"></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_hasValue_semantics">3.2</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_hasValue_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_hasValue_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_imports">owl:imports</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_imports_syntax">2.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_imports_syntax">2.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_imports_semantics">3.4</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_imports_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_imports_rdf">5.4</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_incompatibleWith">owl:incompatibleWith</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_incompatibleWith_syntax">2.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_incompatibleWith_syntax">2.1</a></td>
<td class="index"></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_incompatibleWith_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_intersectionOf">owl:intersectionOf</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_intersectionOf_syntax">2.3.2.2</a></td>
<td class="index"></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_intersectionOf_semantics">3.2</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_intersectionOf_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_intersectionOf_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_InverseFunctionalProperty">owl:InverseFunctionalProperty</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_InverseFunctionalProperty_syntax">2.3.2.4</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_InverseFunctionalProperty_syntax_lite">2.3.1.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_InverseFunctionalProperty_semantics">3.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_InverseFunctionalProperty_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_InverseFunctionalProperty_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_inverseOf">owl:inverseOf</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_inverseOf_syntax">2.3.2.4</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_inverseOf_syntax_lite">2.3.1.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_inverseOf_semantics">3.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_inverseOf_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_inverseOf_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_maxCardinality">owl:maxCardinality</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_maxCardinality_syntax">2.3.2.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_maxCardinality_syntax_lite">2.3.1.2</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_maxCardinality_semantics">3.2</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_maxCardinality_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_maxCardinality_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_minCardinality">owl:minCardinality</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_minCardinality_syntax">2.3.2.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_minCardinality_syntax_lite">2.3.1.2</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_minCardinality_semantics">3.2</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_minCardinality_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_minCardinality_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_Nothing">owl:Nothing</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_Nothing_syntax">2.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><span class="change"><a href="syntax.html#owl_Nothing_syntax">2.1</a></span></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_Nothing_semantics">3.2</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_Nothing_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_Nothing_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_ObjectProperty">owl:ObjectProperty</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_ObjectProperty_syntax">2.3.2.4</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_ObjectProperty_syntax_lite">2.3.1.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_ObjectProperty_semantics">3.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_ObjectProperty_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_ObjectProperty_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_oneOf">owl:oneOf</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_oneOf_syntax">2.3.2.2</a></td>
<td class="index"></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_oneOf_semantics">3.2</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_oneOf_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_oneOf_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_onProperty">owl:onProperty</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_onProperty_syntax">2.3.2.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_onProperty_syntax_lite">2.3.1.2</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_onProperty_semantics">3.2</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_onProperty_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_onProperty_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_Ontology">owl:Ontology</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_Ontology_syntax">2.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_Ontology_syntax">2.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_Ontology_semantics">3.4</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_Ontology_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_Ontology_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_OntologyProperty">owl:OntologyProperty</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_OntologyProperty_syntax_lite">2.3.1.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_OntologyProperty_syntax">2.3.2.4</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_OntologyProperty_semantics"><span class="change">3.2</span></a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_OntologyProperty_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_OntologyProperty_rdf"><span class="change">5.2</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_priorVersion">owl:priorVersion</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_priorVersion_syntax">2.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_priorVersion_syntax">2.1</a></td>
<td class="index"></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_priorVersion_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_Restriction">owl:Restriction</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_Restriction_syntax">2.3.2.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_Restriction_syntax_lite">2.3.1.2</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_Restriction_semantics">3.2</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_Restriction_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_Restriction_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_sameAs">owl:sameAs</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_sameAs_syntax">2.2</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_sameAs_syntax">2.2</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_sameAs_semantics">3.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_sameAs_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_sameAs_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_someValuesFrom">owl:someValuesFrom</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_someValuesFrom_syntax">2.3.2.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_someValuesFrom_syntax_lite">2.3.1.2</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_someValuesFrom_semantics">3.2</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_someValuesFrom_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_someValuesFrom_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_SymmetricProperty">owl:SymmetricProperty</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_SymmetricProperty_syntax">2.3.2.4</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_SymmetricProperty_syntax_lite">2.3.1.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_SymmetricProperty_semantics">3.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_SymmetricProperty_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_SymmetricProperty_rdf">4.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_Thing">owl:Thing</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_Thing_syntax">2.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_Thing_syntax">2.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_Thing_semantics">3.2</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_Thing_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_Thing_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_TransitiveProperty">owl:TransitiveProperty</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_TransitiveProperty_syntax">2.3.2.4</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_TransitiveProperty_syntax_lite">2.3.1.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_TransitiveProperty_semantics">3.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_TransitiveProperty_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_TransitiveProperty_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_unionOf">owl:unionOf</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_unionOf_syntax">2.3.2.2</a></td>
<td class="index"></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#owl_unionOf_semantics">3.2</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_unionOf_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#owl_unionOf_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="owl_versionInfo">owl:versionInfo</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_versionInfo_syntax">2.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#owl_versionInfo_syntax">2.1</a></td>
<td class="index"></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#owl_versionInfo_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="rdf_List">rdf:List</a></td>
<td class="index"></td>
<td class="index"></td>
<td class="index"></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#rdf_List_mapping"><span class="change">4.1</span></a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#rdf_List_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="rdf_nil">rdf:nil</a></td>
<td class="index"></td>
<td class="index"></td>
<td class="index"></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#rdf_nil_mapping"><span class="change">4.1</span></a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#rdf_nil_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="rdf_type">rdf:type</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#rdf_type_syntax">2.2</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#rdf_type_syntax">2.2</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#rdf_type_semantics">3.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#rdf_type_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="rdfs_comment">rdfs:comment</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#rdfs_comment_syntax">2.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#rdfs_comment_syntax">2.1</a></td>
<td class="index"></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#rdfs_comment_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="rdfs_Datatype">rdfs:Datatype</a></td>
<td class="index"></td>
<td class="index"></td>
<td class="index"></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#rdfs_Literal_mapping"><span class="change">4.1</span></a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#rdfs_Datatype_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="rdfs_domain">rdfs:domain</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#rdfs_domain_syntax">2.3.2.4</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#rdfs_domain_syntax_lite">2.3.1.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#rdfs_domain_semantics">3.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#rdfs_domain_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#rdfs_domain_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="rdfs_label">rdfs:label</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#rdfs_label_syntax">2.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#rdfs_label_syntax">2.1</a></td>
<td class="index"></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#rdfs_label_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="rdfs_Literal">rdfs:Literal</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#rdfs_Literal_syntax_lite">2.3.1.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#rdfs_Literal_syntax">2.3.2.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#rdfs_Literal_semantics">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#rdfs_Literal_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#rdfs_Literal_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="rdfs_range">rdfs:range</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#rdfs_range_syntax">2.3.2.4</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#rdfs_range_syntax_lite">2.3.1.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#rdfs_range_semantics">3.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#rdfs_range_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#rdfs_range_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="rdfs_subClassOf">rdfs:subClassOf</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#rdfs_subClassOf_syntax">2.3.2.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#rdfs_subClassOf_syntax_lite">2.3.1.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#rdfs_subClassOf_semantics">3.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#rdfs_subClassOf_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#rdfs_subClassOf_rdf">5.2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="index"><a id="rdfs_subPropertyOf">rdfs:subPropertyOf</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#rdfs_subPropertyOf_syntax">2.3.1.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="syntax.html#rdfs_subPropertyOf_syntax">2.3.1.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="direct.html#rdfs_subPropertyOf_semantics">3.3</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="mapping.html#rdfs_subPropertyOf_mapping">4.1</a></td>
<td class="index"><a href="rdfs.html#rdfs_subPropertyOf_rdf">5.2</a></td>
<td class="index"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<hr />
<h2><a id="acknowledgments" name="acknowledgments">Acknowledgments</a></h2>
<p>
The
<a href="http://www.daml.org/committee/">
Joint US/EU ad hoc Agent Markup Language Committee
</a>
developed DAML+OIL, which is the direct precursor to OWL.
Many of the ideas in DAML+OIL and thus in OWL are also present in the
<a href="http://www.ontoknowledge.org/index.shtml">
Ontology Inference Layer (OIL)</a>.
Many of the other members of the W3C Web Ontology Working Group have had
substantial input into this document.
</p>
<p>
This document is the result of extensive discussions within the
<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/">Web Ontology Working Group</a>
as a whole. The members of this group working group included:
Yasser al Safadi,
Jean-Francois Baget,
James Barnette,
Sean Bechhofer,
Jonathan Borden,
Frederik Brysse,
Stephen Buswell,
Jeremy Carroll,
Dan Connolly,
Peter Crowther,
Jonathan Dale,
Jos De Roo,
David De Roure,
Mike Dean,
Larry Eshelman,
Jerome Euzenat,
Dieter Fensel,
Tim Finin,
Nicholas Gibbins,
Pat Hayes,
Jeff Heflin,
Ziv Hellman,
James Hendler,
Bernard Horan,
Masahiro Hori,
Ian Horrocks,
Francesco Iannuzzelli,
Mario Jeckle,
Ruediger Klein,
Natasha Kravtsova,
Ora Lassila,
Alexander Maedche,
Massimo Marchiori,
Deborah McGuinness,
Libby Miller,
Enrico Motta,
Leo Obrst,
Laurent Olivry ,
Peter Patel-Schneider,
Martin Pike,
Marwan Sabbouh,
Guus Schreiber,
Shimizu Noboru,
Michael Sintek,
Michael Smith,
Ned Smith,
John Stanton,
Lynn Andrea Stein,
Herman ter Horst,
Lynne R. Thompson,
David Trastour,
Frank van Harmelen,
Raphael Volz,
Evan Wallace,
Christopher Welty,
Charles White,
and John Yanosy.
</p>
<hr />
<h2><a id="references" name="references">References</a></h2>
<h3><a id="references-normative" name="references-normative">Normative
References</a></h3>
<dl>
<dt><a id="ref-rdfconcepts">[RDF Concepts]</a></dt>
<dd>
<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-rdf-concepts-20030123/">
Resource Description Framework (RDF): Concepts and Abstract Syntax</a></cite>.
Graham Klyne and Jeremy J. Carroll, eds.
W3C Working Draft 23 January 2003.
Latest version is available at
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-mt/">http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/</a>.
Significant post-last-call changes to RDF that impact OWL have been made in
this document;
as of 8 August 2003 these changes can be seen at
<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/RDFCore/TR/WD-rdf-concepts-20030117/">http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/RDFCore/TR/WD-rdf-concepts-20030117/</a>.
</dd>
<dt><a id="ref-rdfmt">[RDF MT]</a></dt>
<dd>
<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-rdf-mt-20030123/">
RDF Semantics</a></cite>.
Patrick Hayes, ed.
W3C Working Draft 23 January 2003.
Latest version is available at
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-mt/">http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-mt/</a>.
Significant post-last-call changes to RDF that impact OWL have been made in
this document;
as of 8 August 2003 these changes can be seen at
<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/RDFCore/TR/WD-rdf-mt-20030117/">http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/RDFCore/TR/WD-rdf-mt-20030117/</a>.
</dd>
<dt><a id="ref-rdfsyntax">[RDF Syntax]</a></dt>
<dd>
<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-rdf-syntax-grammar-20030123/">
RDF/XML Syntax Specification (Revised)</a></cite>
Dave Beckett, ed.
W3C Working Draft 23 January 2003.
Latest version is available at
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar/">http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar/</a>.
</dd>
<dt><a id="ref-rdf-testcases">[RDF Tests]</a></dt>
<dd>
<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-rdf-testcases-20030123/">
RDF Test Cases</a></cite>.
Jan Grant and Dave Beckett, eds.
W3C Working Draft 23 January 2003.
Latest version is available at
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-testcases/">http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-testcases/</a>.
Significant post-last-call changes to RDF that impact OWL have been made in
this document;
as of 8 August 2003 these changes can be seen at
<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/RDFCore/TR/WD-rdf-testcases-20030117/">http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/RDFCore/TR/WD-rdf-testcases-20030117/</a>.
</dd>
<dt><a id="ref-xml">[XML]</a></dt>
<dd>
<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xml-20001006">
Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Second Edition)</a></cite>.
Tim Bray, Jean Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, and Eve Maler, eds.
W3C Recommendation 6 October 2000.
Latest version is available at
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml">http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml</a>.
</dd>
<dt><a id="ref-xmls-datatypes">[XML Schema Datatypes]</a></dt>
<dd>
<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xmlschema-2-20010502/">
XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes.</a></cite>.
Paul V. Biron and Ashok Malhotra, eds.
W3C Recommendation 02 May 2000.
Latest version is available at
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/">http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/</a>.
</dd>
</dl>
<h3><a id="references-other" name="references-other">Other
References</a></h3>
<dl>
<dt><a id="ref-daml">[DAML+OIL]</a></dt>
<dd>
<cite>
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/NOTE-daml+oil-reference-20011218">
DAML+OIL (March 2001) Reference Description</a></cite>.
Dan Connolly, Frank van Harmelen, Ian Horrocks,
Deborah L. McGuinness, Peter F. Patel-Schneider, and Lynn Andrea Stein.
W3C Note 18 December 2001.
Latest version is available at
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/daml+oil-reference">http://www.w3.org/TR/daml+oil-reference</a>.
</dd>
<dt><a id="ref-guide">[OWL Guide]</a></dt>
<dd>
<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/CR-owl-guide-20030818/">OWL Web
Ontology Language Guide</a></cite>.
Michael K. Smith, and Chris Welty, and Deborah L. McGuinness.
W3C Candidate Recommendation 18 August 2003.
Latest version is available at
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-guide/">http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-guide/</a>.
</dd>
<dt><a id="ref-issues">[OWL Issues]</a></dt>
<dd>
<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/webont-issues.html">
Web Ontology Issue Status</a></cite>.
Michael K. Smith, ed.
27 June 2003.
</dd>
<dt><a id="ref-overview">[OWL Overview]</a></dt>
<dd>
<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/CR-owl-features-20030818/">OWL Web
Ontology Language Overview</a></cite>.
Deborah L. McGuinness and Frank van Harmelen.
W3C Candidate Recommendation 18 August 2003.
Latest version is available at
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/">http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/</a>.
</dd>
<dt><a id="ref-ref">[OWL Reference]</a></dt>
<dd>
<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/CR-owl-ref-20030818/">OWL Web
Ontology Language Reference</a></cite>.
Mike Dean, Guus Schreiber, Sean Bechhofer, Frank van Harmelen, Jim Hendler,
Ian Horrocks,
Deborah L. McGuinness, Peter F. Patel-Schneider, and Lynn Andrea Stein.
W3C Candidate Recommendation 18 August 2003.
Latest version is available at
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-ref/">http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-ref/</a>.
</dd>
<dt><a id="ref-rdfms">[RDFMS]</a></dt>
<dd>
<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-rdf-syntax-19990222/">
Resource Description Framework (RDF) Model and Syntax Specification</a></cite>.
Ora Lassila and Ralph R. Swick, eds.
W3C Recommendation 22 February 1999.
Latest version is available at
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax/">http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-rdf-syntax/</a>.
</dd>
<dt><a id="ref-rdf-schema">[RDF Schema]</a></dt>
<dd>
<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-rdf-schema-20030123/">
RDF Vocabulary Description Language 1.0: RDF Schema</a></cite>.
Dan Brickley and R. V. Guha, eds.
W3C Working Draft 23 January 2003.
Latest version is available at
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/">http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/</a>.
</dd>
</dl>
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