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341 lines
11 KiB
341 lines
11 KiB
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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<head>
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<meta name="generator"
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content="HTML Tidy for Mac OS X (vers 1st September 2004), see www.w3.org" />
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
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content="text/html; charset=us-ascii" />
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<title>Semantic Web Advanced Development for Europe
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(SWAD-Europe)</title>
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<link href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/style/swad-europe-showcase.css"
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rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
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<style type="text/css">/*
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<![CDATA[*/
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body {
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font-family: verdana, helvetica, arial, sans-serif;
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}
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#leftcontent {
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position: absolute;
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left:10px;
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top:20px;
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width:200px;
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background:#fff;
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margin-right:15px;
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padding-bottom:20px;
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}
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#rightcontent {
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position: absolute;
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left:250px;
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top:20px;
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background:#fff;
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padding-right: 50px;
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}
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#mainMenu {
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background-color: #EEE;
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border: 1px solid #CCC;
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color: #000;
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width: 203px;
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}
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#menuList {
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margin: 0px;
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padding: 10px 0px 10px 15px;
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li.menubar {
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background: url(http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/showcase/square.gif) no-repeat 0em 0.3em;
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line-height: 1.5em;
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list-style: none outside;
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.menu {
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margin-left: 15px;
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padding: 0px;
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}
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.menu li {
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background: url(http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/showcase/square.gif) no-repeat 0em 0.3em;
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list-style: none outside;
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a.actuator {
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text-decoration: none;
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font-weight: bold;
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}
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.menu li a {
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background-color: transparent;
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color: #000;
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font-size: 12px;
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padding-left: 15px;
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}
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span.key {
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text-decoration: underline;
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}
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/*]]>
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*/</style>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div id="leftcontent" valign="top">
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<div align="center" valign="top">
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe">
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<img alt="SWAD-Europe"
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src="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/images/swade100.gif"
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height="75" border="0" /></a>
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<a href="http://www.cordis.lu/ist/">
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<img src="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/images/istlogo-thumb.gif"
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alt="EU IST logo" height="75" border="0" /></a>
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</div>
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<div id="mainMenu">
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<ul id="menuList">
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<li class="nonexpandingmenubar">
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/" id="introMenu"
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name="introMenu">Introduction</a>
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</li>
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<li class="menubar">
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<a id="demosMenuActuator" class="actuator" accesskey="d"
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name="demosMenuActuator">Demonstrators</a>
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<ul id="demosMenu" class="menu">
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<li>
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/showcase/sem-blog.html">
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Semantic Blogging</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/showcase/sem-portal.html">
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Semantic Portals</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/showcase/sem-thes.html">
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Thesaurus Browser</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/showcase/sem-large.html">
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Scale Demonstrator</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="menubar">
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<a id="themesMenuActuator" class="actuator" accesskey="t"
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name="themesMenuActuator">Themes</a>
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<ul id="themesMenu" class="menu">
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<li>
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/showcase/gs.html">Getting
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Started</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/reports/tools/">Tools</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/showcase/digital-libraries.html">
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Digital Libraries</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/showcase/business-integration.html">
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Business Integration</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/showcase/images.html">
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Image Description</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/reports/community/">
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Community Building</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/showcase/history.html">
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Project History</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/showcase/future.html">
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Future Directions</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="menubar">
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<a id="guideMenuActuator" class="actuator" accesskey="g"
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name="guideMenuActuator">Guidelines</a>
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<ul id="guideMenu" class="menu">
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<!--<li><a href="blank.html">Aerospace</a> stilo*</li>-->
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<li>
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/showcase/lifesci.html">
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Life Science</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/showcase/guide-for-librarian.html">
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Librarian</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/showcase/coder.html">
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Coder</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/showcase/business-guidelines.html">
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Business Integration</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/showcase/heritage.html">
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Heritage</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="menubar">
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<a id="resourcesMenuActuator" class="actuator" accesskey="r"
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name="resourcesMenuActuator">Resources</a>
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<ul id="resourcesMenu" class="menu">
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<li>
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/reports/intro.html">
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Reports</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/showcase/presentations.html">
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Presentations</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="nonexpandingmenubar">
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/showcase/contact.html"
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id="contactMenu" name="contactMenu">Contact</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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<!-- content goes here -->
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<div id="rightcontent">
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<h1>Themes: Image Description</h1>
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<p>Image annotation is a very interesting Semantic Web topic,
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because it suggests a way in which Semantic Web-based searching
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could be much more effective than text. There are many different
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ways in which images can be described - from geographical location
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to colour to the people depicted to a story told by the image. RDF
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offers the possibility of describing images in some or all of these
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dimensions and then enabling searching of image collections by
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these different facets and others.</p>
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<p>Work within SWAD-Europe on image description has had several
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strands. Two developer workshops have been held on aspects of image
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description. The first focussed on surveying and demonstrating
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tools. The second was mostly about the vocabularies used and the
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some of issues with combining them together.</p>
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<h4>W3Photo project</h4>
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<p>Also as part of the dissemination strand of the project,
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SWAD-Europe has participated in community efforts to create
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vocabularies for image description. The first was W3Photo, a
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project to annotate photos from the WWW series of conferences. Also
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involved were Greg Elin, the Mindswap group from Maryland, the IAM
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group from Southampton, and others including Jim Ley, Morten
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Frederiksen, Masahide Kanzaki and Benjamin Nowack.</p>
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<p>From the point of view of the SWAD-Europe project, our interests
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were:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>to discuss and improve vocabularies for annotating parts of an
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image</li>
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<li>to experiment with using several different vocabularies
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together, for example an image vocabulary with a geographical one,
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a vocabulary describing people, another describing events.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Information about the meetings held is on the ESW wiki <a href=
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"http://esw.w3.org/topic/WWW2004">WWW2004</a>; the specification is
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at <a href="http://esw.w3.org/topic/W3PhotoSpec">W3PhotoSpec</a>,
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the vocabularies used are documented at: <a href=
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"http://esw.w3.org/topic/W3PhotoVocabs">W3PhotoVocabs</a>,
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including the vocabulary for describing parts of images, which is
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hosted at <a href=
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"http://www.bnowack.de/w3photo/pages/image_vocabs">Benjamin
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Nowack's site</a>.</p>
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<h5>Annotating parts of an image</h5>
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<p>There are several tools available for annotating parts of an
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image, for example <a href=
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"http://jibbering.com/svg/AnnotateImage.html">Jim Ley's SVG
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tool</a> and <a href="http://jigsaw.w3.org/rdfpic/">RDFPic</a> as
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demonstrated at the <a href=
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"http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/reports/dev_workshop_report_1/">SWAD-E
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image annotation workshop</a>; also Greg Elin's <a href=
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"http://www.fotonotes.net/">fotonotes</a>, Masahide Kanzaki's
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<a href=
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"http://www.kanzaki.com/docs/sw/img-annotator.html">javascript
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image annotator</a>, and a java tool called <a href=
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"http://www.mindswap.org/~glapizco/PS.shtml">Photostuff</a> from
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the Mindswap group.</p>
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<p>Discussions in W3Photo centred around the requirements for a
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vocabulary for describing parts of images, which would include</p>
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<ul>
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<li>simple mapping to SVG and image maps;</li>
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<li>extensibility to other forms of media later;</li>
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<li>consistent with being able to describe what a region depicts
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(compared to what an entire image depicts);</li>
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<li>ability to assign uris to parts of an image;</li>
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<li>taking into account vocabularies such as <a href=
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"http://jibbering.com/discussion/image.1">Jim Ley's vocab</a>,
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<a href="http://www.mindswap.org/~glapizco/technical.owl">Mindswap
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vocab</a></li>
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</ul>
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<h5>Mixing vocabularies for image annotation</h5>
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<p>Discussions about mixing vocabularies for image annotation have
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sometimes occured on the <a href=
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"http://rdfweb.org/pipermail/rdfweb-dev/">FOAF mailing list</a> as
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part of the <a href=
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"http://rdfweb.org/2002/01/photo/">codepiction</a> project and
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similar efforts by independent programmers. They have often centred
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around adding geographical information to photos, but also mixing
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in event information and Dublin Core data, as well as the core
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'depicts/depiction' information about who or what is depicted in
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the photo, using FOAF and Wordnet classes and properties. The
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w3photo project is also concerned with rights and licensing of the
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metadata and images for use as sample data for different
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systems.</p>
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<h4>Vocabularies and tools for basic photo annotation</h4>
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<p>Further discussions were held at the <a href=
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"http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/events/foaf-galway/">Foaf Galway
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SWAD-Europe final workshop</a> about a basic set of properties and
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classes specifically for photo annotation. This time we steered
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clear of the complexities of describing parts of images and focused
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just on some very basic useful properties: date, place, event,
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depiction. Notes from the discussions are available on the ESW
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wiki. The requirements in this case were that</p>
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<ul>
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<li>the vocabulary should reuse terms wherever possible and
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appropriate</li>
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<li>the vocabalary should enable the types of description that we
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found useful fropm our previous experience, notably: depiction of
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specific people and types of thing (e.g. other nouns); the
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distinction between the place where a photo was taken and the place
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it depicted; enable searching for photos of a particular event such
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as a conference or birthday party</li>
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<li>be easy to search using RDF query languages</li>
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<li>be appealing to developers</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Work continues in this area with discussion on the <a href=
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"http://rdfweb.org/pipermail/rdfweb-dev/">rdfweb-dev
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list</a>.</p>
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<p>As part of SWAD-Europe, a simple tool for photo annotation was
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created which enabled this sort of simple photo annotation of
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online photos. It uses existing online RDF data sources so that the
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annotator can search for people, locations and events and reuse
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information where available.</p>
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</div>
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<!-- end content -->
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</body>
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</html>
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