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257 lines
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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<head profile="http://www.w3.org/2000/08/w3c-synd/#">
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<title>Collaboration, Knowledge Representation and Automatability</title>
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</head>
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<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
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<p class="navbar"><a href="/"><img src="/Icons/WWW/w3c_home" alt="W3C"
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border="0" /></a><a href="/TandS/"><img src="/Icons/tands.gif"
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alt="Technology and Society Domain" width="212" height="48" border="0"
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/></a></p>
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<h1>Collaboration, Knowledge Representation and Automatability</h1>
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<p>"Collaboration" over the World Wide Web is a very broad area of research,
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involving wide-reaching issues such as knowledge representation, annotation
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of objects by objects, notification, and any other issues which arise in the
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creation of shared information systems and collaborative development.</p>
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<p>This document, begun in 1995, describes a number of W3C activities
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relating to collaboration, knowledge representation and Web automation. It
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should not be considered up to date, but might nevertheless be useful.</p>
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<p>Contents: <a href="#over">Overview</a> | <a href="#timeline">Timeline</a>
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| <a href="#implementations">Implementations</a> | <a
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href="#resources">Resources</a> | <a href="#wg">Historical</a></p>
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<p>Nearby: <a href="/RDF/">RDF</a> | <a href="/PICS/">PICS</a> | <a
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href="/2000/01/sw/">Semantic Web Development</a> | <a
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href="/TandS/">Technology and Society</a></p>
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<a name="over"></a>
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<h2>Overview</h2>
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<p>This document was originally organised into sections corresponding to
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early W3C Working Groups on the topics of Annotation, Collaboration and
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Knowledge Representation. In the years since these areas were first explored
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on the Web, hundreds of new tools for Web collaboration have been created.
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The focus of this page is now more specifically directed at annotation and
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knowledge-representation based collaborative tools.</p>
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<h3><a id="annotation" name="annotation">Annotation</a></h3>
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<p>An annotation can be loosely defined as "any object that is associated
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with another object by some relationship". One example of an annotation could
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be a document which contains comments on an original document, such as a
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magazine's review of a web site, or a colleague's modifications to a
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draft.</p>
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<h3><a id="kr" name="kr">Knowledge Representation</a></h3>
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<p>The Web can be thought of as a freeform, decentralised knowledge
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representation system. The <a href="/History/1989/proposal.html">original
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proposal for the Web</a> explored this idea, a theme that was revisited in
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1997 when W3C begun work on the <a href="/RDF/">Resource Description
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Framework</a> (RDF). Other work on wide-area KR interoperability includes
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DARPA's <a href="http://www.daml.org/">DAML</a> initiative, and (historical
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interest) the <a
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href="http://www-ksl.stanford.edu/knowledge-sharing/papers/kse-overview.html">Knowledge
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Sharing Effort</a></p>
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<p>W3C's <a href="/2000/01/sw/">Semantic Web Development</a> pages provide
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further detail on the use of Web technologies for knowledge representation
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and collaboration.</p>
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<a name="timeline"></a>
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<h2>Timeline and History</h2>
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<p>Recent events and publications relating to WWW and collaboration...</p>
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<ul>
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<li>2000-09-03: the <a href="/Collaboration/">Collaboration</a> page has
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been reorganised, validated as XHTML, linked to more recent work. Hope is
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to use the <a href="/2000/08/w3c-synd/#">W3C Site Summary</a> dialect of
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XHTML to merge news items from this page with those from RDF home page
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and other related documents.</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>Background</h3>
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<p>In September 1995, the W3C sponsored a <a href="Workshop/">Workshop on WWW
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and Collaboration</a> to identify extensions to web technology which would
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facilitate wide-area asynchronous collaboration.</p>
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<p>W3C host two discussion lists as a continuation of this initiative. The <a
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id="www-collaboration" name="www-collaboration">www-collaboration</a> list
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(<a
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href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-collaboration/">archives</a>)
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provides a public mailing list for technical discussion on the use and
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further development of web technology for collaboration, particularly
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wide-area and asynchronous collaboration. The <a id="www-annotation"
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name="www-annotation">www-annotation</a> list, (<a
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href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-annotation/">archives</a>)
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provides a public mailing list for technical discussion on <a
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href="#annotation">annotation</a>, to continue the work originally begun on
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the W3C Annotation Working Group mailing list.</p>
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<p>Other than providing a forum for these discussions through these public
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mailing lists, the W3C is not actively involved in the development of
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collaboration-specific technology at this time. This page should point you to
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further resources and put you in contact with people working in these
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areas.</p>
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<h2><a id="implementations" name="implementations">Implementations</a></h2>
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<p>There are now numerious implementations of Web-based collaboration and
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annotation tools. It is no longer feasible to attempt a reasonable survey of
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such tools on this page. A few interesting systems are listed here; the links
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gathered on the <a href="/RDF/">RDF</a>, <a href="/PICS/">PICS</a> and <a
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href="/2000/01/sw/">Semantic Web Development</a> page may also be of
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interest.</p>
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<h3>Annotation, Metadata and Rating Services</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Annotation project using RDF at W3C:
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<ul>
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<li><a href="/2000/Talks/www9-annotations/">WWW9 Developer's Day
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presentation</a></li>
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<li><a
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href="/2000/02/collaboration/annotation/papers/annotationinfrastructure">paper</a>
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submitted to <a href="http://www.acm.org/uist">UIST 2000</a></li>
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<li><a href="/1999/11/02-RDFServices/">RDF Description Services</a>
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(discussion note for the <a href="/RDF/Interest/">RDF Interest
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Group</a>).</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>some interesting work elsewhere:
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<ul>
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<li>Dan Connolly's <a href="http://www.w3.org/2000/08/eb58">Javascript
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code</a> for excerpting from the Web.</li>
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<li>The <a href="http://crit.org/">Crit</a> service, based on CritLink
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(opensource Perl software) is one of the longest established online
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annotation servers.</li>
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<li>Netscape's <a
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href="http://home.netscape.com/escapes/related/">What's Related</a>
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service uses RDF to send 'related link' annotations to browsing
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clients. See also <a href="http://www.mozilla.org/rdf/doc/">Mozilla
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documentation</a>.</li>
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<li><a href="http://www-hbp.usc.edu/Projects/annotati.htm">USC
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Annotation Technology</a> pages include a set of specifications for
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annotation software design and a Java implmentation,
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<em>Annotator</em>.</li>
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<li><a
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href="http://edward.ilrt.bris.ac.uk/~cmlm/docs/recdoc1.html">Aggregating
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Recommendations using RDF</a>, Libby Miller.</li>
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<li><a
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href="http://union.ncsa.uiuc.edu/HyperNews/get/hypernews.html">NCSA
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Hypernews</a></li>
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<li><a href="http://www-pcd.stanford.edu/ANNOT_DOC/">ComMentor:
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Scalable Architecture for Shared Web Annotations as a Platform for
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Value-Added Providers</a>, at Stanford</li>
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<li><a href="http://dri.cornell.edu/pub/davis/annotation.html">Cornell
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Annotation System</a></li>
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<li><a href="../Discussion/">Web Interactive Talk</a> claims to be 'the
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first dialectical discussion system'. Here is a An <a
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href="../WIT/User/Overview.html">Overview</a> of 'Web Interactive
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Talk', the "first dialectical discussion system" (1994)</li>
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<li><a
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href="http://union.ncsa.uiuc.edu/~liberte/www/scalable-annotations.html">A
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Protocol for Scalable Group and Public Annotations</a>, by Daniel
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LaLiberte and Alan Braverman of NCSA</li>
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<li><a
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href="http://playground.sun.com:80/~gramlich/1994/annote/">Public
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Annotation Systems</a>, discussion and implementation by Wayne
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Gramlich at Sun.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h2><a id="resources" name="resources">Further Resources</a></h2>
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<p>There are many good places to learn more about Web collaboration and
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annotation issues, technologies, and directions.</p>
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<p><a href="EnglebartIOH.html">Essential Elements of an Open Hyperdocument
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System</a>, as developed by Douglas Engelbart, make a good measuring stick
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for evaluating collaborative technologies.</p>
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<p><a href="knowledge">A Study of Linguistics: Representation and Exchange of
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Knowledge</a> by <a href="/People/Connolly/">Dan Connolly</a> provides some
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background reading on KR issues. See also Dan's <a
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href="/People/Connolly/drafts/web-research">WWW Research Notebook</a>.</p>
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<p>The <a href="/RDF/Interest/">RDF Interest Group</a> (since Nov 1999) is an
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active public forum for discussing the application of W3C metadata technology
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in the context of the social, legal, and technological issues surrounding
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Internet content selection, filtering, labelling, signing, quality assurance
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etc. The <a
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href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-rdf-interest/">searchable
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archives</a> may be of interest for researchers in this area.</p>
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<h3><a id="workshops" name="workshops">Workshop Materials</a></h3>
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<h4><a href="http://www.cerc.wvu.edu/WETICE/WETICE96.html">IEEE WET ICE
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'96</a>: Stanford, CA, USA, June 19-21, 1996</h4>
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"Collaborating on the Internet: The World-Wide Web and Beyond". The Fifth
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Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative
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Enterprises (WET ICE '96) will focus on infrastructural issues related to
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collaboration in diverse application domains, particularly technologies that
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utilize the Internet.
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<p><a href="http://orgwis.gmd.de/W4G">CSCW and the Web</a>, Sankt Augustin,
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Germany, February 7-9, 1996, was an an open international workshop on support
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for collaboration on the Web sponsored by the ERCIM World-Wide Web Working
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Group (W4G) and GMD.</p>
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<p>The first <a href="./Workshop/">Workshop on WWW and Collaboration</a> was
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held in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA from 11-12 September 1995.</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="./Workshop/Overview.html#proceedings">Workshop
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Proceedings</a></li>
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<li><a href="./Workshop/Original_Overview.html">Original Workshop home
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page</a></li>
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</ul>
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<ul>
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<li>The Second International World Wide Web Conference held a <a
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href="http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/iiip/colab/workshop.html">Wide-Area
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Collaboration Workshop</a>, intended as a brainstorming session on ways
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to extend and develop the Web for group collaboration.</li>
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</ul>
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<a id="historical" name="historical"></a>
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<h2><a id="wg" name="wg">W3C Collaboration Working Groups</a>
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(historical)</h2>
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<p>At the <a href="./Workshop/">Workshop on WWW and Collaboration</a>, 11-12
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September 1995, a large number of issues were raised, and several working
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groups were formed to work on specific issues. These groups have now been
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merged into two public discussion groups: <a
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href="#www-collaboration">www-collaboration</a> and <a
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href="#www-annotation">www-annotation</a>. All are welcome to read the
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archives and participate in development and discussion.</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="./Annotation/">Annotation WG</a> (historical)</li>
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<li><a href="./KR/">Knowledge Representation WG</a> (historical)</li>
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<li><a href="./Notification">Notification WG</a> (historical)</li>
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<li><a href="./Links/">Links as First Class Objects</a> (historical)</li>
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</ul>
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<address>
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occasionally edited by: <a href="mailto:brickley@w3.org">Dan Brickley</a>
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</address>
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<address>
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Last updated $Date: 2004/05/21 20:33:08 $
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</address>
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<address>
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Created March 1995
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</address>
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</body>
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</html>
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