You can not select more than 25 topics
Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
626 lines
23 KiB
626 lines
23 KiB
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8' standalone="yes"?>
|
|
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
|
|
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
|
|
|
<html xml:lang="en-US" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en-US">
|
|
<head>
|
|
<title>MPEG-7 and the Semantic Web</title>
|
|
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
|
|
<link rel="Home" href="http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/mmsem/Overview.html"/>
|
|
<style type="text/css">
|
|
.new { color: #FF0000 }
|
|
.example {font-family: monospace; }
|
|
.figure {
|
|
font-weight: bold;
|
|
text-align: center; }
|
|
div.example {
|
|
padding: 1em;
|
|
margin: 0.1em 3.5em 0.1em 0.1em;
|
|
background-color: #efeff5;
|
|
border: 1px solid #cfcfcf; }
|
|
div.exampleOuter {
|
|
margin: 0em;
|
|
padding: 0em; }
|
|
div.exampleInner {
|
|
color: black;
|
|
background-color: #efeff5;
|
|
border-top-style: double;
|
|
border-top-color: #d3d3d3;
|
|
border-bottom-width: 1px;
|
|
border-bottom-style: double;
|
|
border-bottom-color: #d3d3d3;
|
|
padding: 4px;
|
|
margin: 0em; }
|
|
div.exampleInner pre {
|
|
margin-left: 0em;
|
|
margin-top: 0em;
|
|
margin-bottom: 0em;
|
|
font-family: monospace; }
|
|
div.c1 {text-align:center}
|
|
</style>
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-XGR"/>
|
|
</head>
|
|
|
|
<body>
|
|
<div id="headings" class="head">
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="http://www.w3.org/">
|
|
<img height="48" width="72" alt="W3C" src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/w3c_home"/>
|
|
</a>
|
|
<a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/XGR/">
|
|
<img height="48" width="160" alt="W3C Incubator Report" src="http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/images/XGR"/>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h1>MPEG-7 and the Semantic Web</h1>
|
|
<h2><a id="w3c-doctype" name="w3c-doctype" />W3C Incubator Group Editor's Draft
|
|
14 August 2007</h2>
|
|
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt>This version: </dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/mmsem/XGR-mpeg7-20070814/">
|
|
http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/mmsem/XGR-mpeg7-20070814/</a></dd>
|
|
<dt>Latest version: </dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/mmsem/XGR-mpeg7/">
|
|
http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/mmsem/XGR-mpeg7/</a></dd>
|
|
<dt>Previous version:</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
This is the first public version.
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt>Contributors: </dt>
|
|
<dd><a href="http://www.iua.upf.es/~ocelma/">Oscar Celma</a>, Universitat Pompeu Fabra</dd>
|
|
<dd><a href="http://mkg.iti.gr/mkg_people/~dasiop/">Stamatia Dasiopoulou</a>, Informatics and Telematics Institute</dd>
|
|
<dd>Michael Hausenblas, JOANNEUM RESEARCH</dd>
|
|
<dd><a href="http://muscle.isti.cnr.it/suzanne/">Suzanne Little</a>, Italian National Research Center (CNR Pisa)</dd>
|
|
<dd><a href="http://www.music.tuc.gr/~chrisa/">Chrisa Tsinaraki</a>, Technical University of Crete</dd>
|
|
<dd><a href="http://www.cwi.nl/~troncy/">Raphaël Troncy</a>, Center for Mathematics and Computer Science (CWI Amsterdam)</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt>  </dt>
|
|
<dd>Also see <a href="#acknowledgments">Acknowledgements</a>.</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<p class="copyright">
|
|
<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</a> © 2007
|
|
<a href="http://www.w3.org/"><acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym></a><sup>®</sup>
|
|
(<a href="http://www.csail.mit.edu/"><acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym></a>,
|
|
<a href="http://www.ercim.org/"><acronym title="European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics">ERCIM</acronym></a>,
|
|
<a href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved.
|
|
W3C <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>,
|
|
<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a>
|
|
and <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document use</a> rules apply.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<hr/>
|
|
|
|
<h2>
|
|
<a id="abstract" name="abstract">
|
|
Abstract
|
|
</a>
|
|
</h2>
|
|
<p>
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h2>
|
|
<a id="roadmap" name="roadmap">
|
|
Document Roadmap
|
|
</a>
|
|
</h2>
|
|
<p>
|
|
After reading this document, readers may turn to separate living documents discussing
|
|
individual multimedia annotation
|
|
<a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/mmsem/wiki/Vocabularies">vocabularies</a>,
|
|
and other relevant
|
|
<a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/mmsem/wiki/Tools_and_Resources">tools and
|
|
resources</a>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h2>
|
|
<a id="targetaudience" name="targetaudience">
|
|
Target Audience
|
|
</a>
|
|
</h2>
|
|
<p>
|
|
This document targets the developers and researchers in multimedia semantics. It describes
|
|
the four current OWL/RDF proposals of MPEG-7, as well as a comparison of the different
|
|
modeling approaches in the context of practical applications. Any harmonizations aiming
|
|
at providing a single ontology of MPEG-7 will not be done in the framework of this XG.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h2>
|
|
<a id="status" name="status">Status of this document</a>
|
|
</h2>
|
|
<p><em>This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication.
|
|
Other documents may supersede this document. A list of <a href="/2005/Incubator/XGR/">Final Incubator
|
|
Group Reports</a> is available. See also the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/">W3C technical reports
|
|
index</a> at http://www.w3.org/TR/.<br/>
|
|
</em></p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
This document was developed by the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/mmsem/">W3C
|
|
Multimedia Semantics Incubator Group</a>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Publication of this document by W3C as part of the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/">W3C
|
|
Incubator Activity</a> indicates no endorsement of its content by W3C, nor that W3C has, is, or will
|
|
be allocating any resources to the issues addressed by it. Participation in Incubator Groups and
|
|
publication of Incubator Group Reports at the W3C site are benefits of
|
|
<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/join">W3C Membership</a>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Incubator Groups have as a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/procedures.html#Patent">
|
|
goal</a> to produce work that can be implemented on a Royalty Free basis, as
|
|
defined in the W3C Patent Policy. Participants in this Incubator Group have
|
|
made no statements about whether they will offer licenses according to the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Patent-Policy-20030520.html#sec-Requirements">
|
|
licensing requirements of the W3C Patent Policy</a> for portions of this
|
|
Incubator Group Report that are subsequently incorporated in a W3C
|
|
Recommendation.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Discussion of this document is invited on the XG public mailing list
|
|
<a href="mailto:public-xg-mmsem@w3.org">public-xg-mmsem@w3.org</a>
|
|
(<a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-xg-mmsem/">public
|
|
archives</a>). Public comments should include "comments: [MPEG-7]"
|
|
at the start of the Subject header.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<hr/>
|
|
|
|
<div class="toc">
|
|
<h2 class="notoc">
|
|
<a id="contents" name="contents">Table of Contents</a>
|
|
</h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li class="tocline"><a href="#introduction"><b>1. Introduction</b></a></li>
|
|
<li class="tocline"><a href="#mpeg7-ontologies"><b>2. Existing MPEG-7 ontologies</b></a>
|
|
<ul class="toc">
|
|
<li class="tocline"><a href="#hunter-ontology">2.1. Using the MPEG-7/ABC Ontology</a></li>
|
|
<li class="tocline"><a href="#tsinaraki-ontology">2.2. Using the MPEG-7/Tsinaraki Ontology</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="tocline"><a href="#mpeg-7-interoperability"><b>3. Solving the interoperability problems</b></a></li>
|
|
<li class="tocline"><a href="#conclusions"><b>4. Conclusions</b></a></li>
|
|
<li class="tocline"><a href="#references"><b>References</b></a></li>
|
|
<li class="tocline"><a href="#acknowledgments"><b>Acknowledgments</b></a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<h2>
|
|
<a name="introduction">
|
|
1. Introduction
|
|
</a>
|
|
</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
MPEG-7 was developed to provide standardized tools for describing different
|
|
aspects of multimedia at different levels of abstraction. Its XML-based
|
|
syntax enables smooth interchange across applications and over the web,
|
|
but the lack of precise semantics hinders metadata interoperability.
|
|
Two representative examples include:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Semantically identical metadata can be represented in multiple ways. For example, an
|
|
image depicting a player scoring a goal can be annotated using the free
|
|
text tag ("Zinedine Zidane scoring against England"), the keyword tag
|
|
(Zidane, goal, France, England), the label tag etc.
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
<div class="exampleInner" style="clear: both">
|
|
<pre>
|
|
<FreeTextAnnotation xml:lang="en">Zinedine Zidane scoring against England.</FreeTextAnnotation>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<h4 id="free-text-annotation">Using the free text annotation</h4>
|
|
|
|
<div class="exampleInner" style="clear: both">
|
|
<pre>
|
|
<KeywordAnnotation xml:lang="en">
|
|
<Keyword>Zinedine</Keyword>
|
|
<Keyword>Zidan</Keyword>
|
|
<Keyword>scoring</Keyword>
|
|
<Keyword>England</Keyword>
|
|
<Keyword>goal</Keyword>
|
|
</KeywordAnnotation>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<h4 id="keyword-annotation">Using the keyword annotation</h4>
|
|
|
|
<div class="exampleInner" style="clear: both">
|
|
<pre>
|
|
<StructuredAnnotation>
|
|
<Who>
|
|
<Name xml:lang="en">Zinedine Zidane</Name>
|
|
</Who>
|
|
<WhatAction>
|
|
<Name xml:lang="en">Zinedine Zidane scoring against England.</Name>
|
|
</WhatAction>
|
|
</StructuredAnnotation>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<h4 id="structured-annotation">Using a structured annotation with labels</h4>
|
|
|
|
<div class="exampleInner" style="clear: both">
|
|
<pre>
|
|
<Semantic id="FormalAbstractionDescription">
|
|
<SemanticBase xsi:type="AgentObjectType" id="Zidane">
|
|
<Label><Name>Zidane </Name></Label>
|
|
<Agent xsi: ="PersonType">
|
|
<Name>
|
|
<GivenName>Zinedine</GivenName>
|
|
<FamilyName>Zidane</FamilyName>
|
|
</Name>
|
|
</Agent>
|
|
</SemanticBase>
|
|
<SemanticBase xsi:type="EventType" id="scoring">
|
|
<Label>
|
|
<Name>Zinedine Zidane scoring against England.</Name>
|
|
</Label>
|
|
</SemanticBase>
|
|
</Semantic>
|
|
</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<h4 id="mpeg7-annotation">Using MPEG-7-built-in (non-formal) semantic descriptor</h4>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>The intended semantics underlying the structure of descriptions defined
|
|
within MPEG-7, for example the decomposition relation between an image
|
|
and its constituent segments, are not formal and as such cannot be
|
|
deployed (an image annotated as depicting Zidane and an image, a
|
|
segment of which is annotated as depicting Zidane won’t be both
|
|
retrieved in a corresponding ‘semantic’ query unless customized query
|
|
expansion is performed to cover both cases.
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
<h2>
|
|
<a name="mpeg7-ontologies">
|
|
2. Existing MPEG-7 ontologies
|
|
</a>
|
|
</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
To alleviate the resulting interoperability issues, efforts have been
|
|
undertaken to translate MPEG-7 into an ontology and through appropriate
|
|
frameworks to enable its integration with other ontologies, thus
|
|
enhancing interoperability. Two main such methodologies include the
|
|
proposals by Hunter et. al. and Tsinaraki et. al. Both approaches aim
|
|
to provide a framework for interoperable MPEG-7 compliant multimedia
|
|
metadata. However, given the continuously growing research interest in
|
|
formalizing multimedia related semantics and building a common metadata
|
|
framework, the question of how interoperable these proposals are
|
|
becomes particularly important.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3>
|
|
<a name="hunter-ontology">
|
|
2.1. Using the MPEG-7/ABC Ontology
|
|
</a>
|
|
</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
In the approach proposed by Hunter, the ABC ontology is used as the core
|
|
one to provide attachment points for integrating mpeg7 and domain
|
|
specific ontologies. More specifically, the <tt>mpeg7:MultimediaContent</tt>
|
|
class (and the subsequent multimedia and segment hierarchy) is defined
|
|
as a subclass of the <tt>abc:Manifestation</tt> class, while the corresponding
|
|
domain ontologies are assumed to be appropriately attached to
|
|
corresponding ABC classes.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
A first observation at this point would be that MPEG-7 includes apart
|
|
from the structure related description schemes, descriptions on other
|
|
aspects as well (e.g., the semantic part ones), for which it is not
|
|
clear how the mapping to ABC should be and how they relate to possibly
|
|
relevant domain specific definitions. For example, <tt>mpeg7:Agent</tt> could
|
|
be mapped to <tt>abc:Agent</tt>. Assuming a domain specific class <tt>o:Person</tt> it
|
|
should be again linked to <tt>abc:Agent</tt> as equivalent class, subclass or
|
|
through some property, thus raising issues about the semantics of the
|
|
<tt>mpeg7:Agent</tt> and <tt>o:Person</tt> relation, which in turn reduces
|
|
interoperability among possible pre-existing MPEG-7 based annotation
|
|
metadata and newly created ones under the ABC core ontology framework.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Let assume that someone follows the approach by Hunter, using the
|
|
Multimedia Description Scheme (MDS) part of the MPEG-7 ontology to
|
|
address the structural aspects, in order to annotate an image depicting
|
|
Zidane scoring. Assuming a soccer ontology s, the involved classes
|
|
would be <tt>s:goal</tt>, <tt>s:player</tt>, <tt>s:scoring</tt> and <tt>mpeg7:image</tt> (at least in a
|
|
simple case where spatiotemporal decomposition is not taken into
|
|
account). One possible way to represent this annotation would be using
|
|
the following statements:
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<div class="exampleInner" style="clear: both">
|
|
<pre>
|
|
:image01 rdf:type mpeg7:Image
|
|
:goal01 rdf:type s:Goal
|
|
:scoring01 rdf:type s:Scoring
|
|
|
|
:image01 mpeg7:depicts :goal01
|
|
:goal01 abc:hasAction :scoring01
|
|
:scoring01 abc:hasAgent s:_b1
|
|
:_b1 :hasName 'Zinedine Zidane'
|
|
</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
where additionally the following hold:
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<div class="exampleInner" style="clear: both">
|
|
<pre>
|
|
mpeg7:Image rdfs:subclass mpeg7:MultimediaContent
|
|
mpeg7:MultimediaContent rdfs:subclass abc:Manifestation
|
|
s:Scoring rdfs:subclass abc:Action
|
|
s:Goal rdfs:subclass abc:Event
|
|
</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Notice that under this framework, having attached this annotation to a specific image region rather than the whole image, i.e.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<div class="exampleInner" style="clear: both">
|
|
<pre>
|
|
:region01 rdf:type mpeg7:StillRegion
|
|
:region01 mpeg7:depicts :goal01
|
|
</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
we would be able to retrieve the corresponding image if querying for
|
|
images depicting Zinedine Zidane scoring, due to the subclass relation<br/>
|
|
<tt>mpeg7:StillRegion rdfs:subclass mpeg7:Image</tt>,<br/>
|
|
something that is not inherently possible by MPEG-7 itself.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
Leaving out individual issues regarding the taken modeling decisions (e.g.,
|
|
should still regions be modeled as a subclass of image or related to
|
|
the latter through partonomic decomposition relations only), the one
|
|
sees evidence for the value of using an upper ontology, adequately
|
|
generic to allow the consistent integration between an MPEG-7 ontology
|
|
and domain specific ones.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3>
|
|
<a name="tsinaraki-ontology">
|
|
2.2. Using the MPEG-7/Tsinaraki Ontology
|
|
</a>
|
|
</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
In Tsinaraki on the other hand, the semantic part of MPEG-7 is translated
|
|
into an ontology that serves as the core one for the attachment of
|
|
domain specific ontologies, in order to achieve MPEG-7 compliant domain
|
|
specific annotations. A first observation is that under this approach
|
|
the initial conceptualization of the domain specific ontologies needs
|
|
to be "mapped" to the MPEG-7 modeling rationale. Consequently,
|
|
annotation metadata produced following this approach would not be
|
|
interoperable with approaches coupling domain specific ontologies with
|
|
an MPEG-7-like one, following a procedure similar to the one proposed
|
|
by Hunter.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h2>
|
|
<a name="mpeg7-interoperability">
|
|
3. Solving the interoperability problems
|
|
</a>
|
|
</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
In this section we will present the possible solutions for the interoperability
|
|
problems that arise from the different translations/formalisations of
|
|
the MPEG-7 standard. The specific interoperability problems have been
|
|
illustrated in the motivating example. There are three approaches in
|
|
the literature that try to overcome such interoperability problems.
|
|
These approaches are:
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>TODO: Michael to describe syntactic (XML, XML-Schema) and semantic (RDF/OWL/rules) aspects.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<ol type="1">
|
|
<li>
|
|
Create syntactic mappings between terms of two or more standards (e.g.
|
|
Cidoc-Crm Vs Dublin-core). The proposed solution exploits the
|
|
expressive power and reasoning support of OWL and SWRL (or other rules
|
|
on-top-of ontologies language) in order to created syntactic as well as
|
|
semantic mappings.
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
Align the domain ontologies in a multimedia core ontology (or framework) that
|
|
ensures interoperability. This approach covers the work that is in
|
|
progress in the K-Space project.
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
Using MPEG-7 profiles. This approach will be mainly covered by Michael.
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
The aim of this section is not to present the analytical solutions but
|
|
rather the mechanism to ensure interoperability in MPEG-7 based MM
|
|
applications. In addition, we will present the interoperability
|
|
problems that are solved and the new ones that are introduced.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ===================================================================== -->
|
|
<h2>
|
|
<a name="references" id="references">
|
|
References</a>
|
|
</h2>
|
|
|
|
<dl>
|
|
|
|
<dt>
|
|
<a id="DublinCore" name="DublinCore">[Dublin Core]</a>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative,
|
|
<a href="http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/">Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, Version 1.1: Reference Description</a>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt>
|
|
<a id="Hunter01" name="Hunter01">[Hunter, 2001]</a>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
J. Hunter.
|
|
<!-- official link broken? a href="http://www.semanticweb.org/SWWS/program/full/paper59.pdf" -->
|
|
<a href="http://www.itee.uq.edu.au/~jane/jane-hunter/swws.pdf">Adding
|
|
Multimedia to the Semantic Web — Building an MPEG-7
|
|
Ontology</a>. In <i><a
|
|
href="http://www.semanticweb.org/SWWS/">International Semantic Web
|
|
Working Symposium (SWWS 2001)</a></i>, Stanford University,
|
|
California, USA, July 30 - August 1, 2001
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt>
|
|
<a id="MPEG-7" name="MPEG-7">[MPEG-7]</a>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
Information Technology - Multimedia Content Description Interface (MPEG-7).
|
|
Standard No. ISO/IEC 15938:2001, International Organization for Standardization(ISO), 2001
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt>
|
|
<a id="Ossenbruggen04" name="Ossenbruggen04">[Ossenbruggen, 2004]</a>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
J. van Ossenbruggen, F. Nack, and L. Hardman. That Obscure Object of Desire: Multimedia Metadata on the Web (Part I). In:
|
|
IEEE Multimedia 11(4), pp. 38-48 October-December 2004
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt>
|
|
<a id="Ossenbruggen05" name="Ossenbruggen05">[Ossenbruggen, 2005]</a>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
F. Nack, J. van Ossenbruggen, and L. Hardman. That Obscure Object of Desire: Multimedia Metadata on the Web (Part II). In:
|
|
IEEE Multimedia 12(1), pp. 54-63 January-March 2005
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt>
|
|
<a name="OWL-Guide" id="OWL-Guide">[OWL Guide]</a>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<cite>
|
|
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/">
|
|
OWL Web Ontology Language Guide</a></cite>, Michael K.
|
|
Smith, Chris Welty, and Deborah L. McGuinness, Editors, W3C
|
|
Recommendation, 10 February 2004,
|
|
http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/ .
|
|
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-guide/">Latest
|
|
version</a> available at http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-guide/
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt>
|
|
<a name="OWL" id="OWL">[OWL Semantics and Abstract Syntax]</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<cite>
|
|
<a href=
|
|
"http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/">OWL Web
|
|
Ontology Language Semantics and Abstract Syntax</a></cite>, Peter
|
|
F. Patel-Schneider, Patrick Hayes, and Ian Horrocks, Editors, W3C
|
|
Recommendation 10 February 2004,
|
|
http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-semantics-20040210/ . <a href=
|
|
"http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-semantics/">Latest version</a>
|
|
available at http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-semantics/</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><a id="RDF-Primer" name="RDF-Primer">[RDF Primer]</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-primer-20040210/">RDF
|
|
Primer</a></cite>, F. Manola, E. Miller, Editors, W3C Recommendation, 10 February 2004.
|
|
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-primer-20040210/">This
|
|
version</a> is
|
|
http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-primer-20040210/. The <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/">latest version</a> is at
|
|
http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt><a id="RDF" name="RDF"></a>[RDF Syntax]</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<cite>
|
|
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-syntax-grammar-20040210/">
|
|
RDF/XML Syntax Specification (Revised)</a>
|
|
</cite>, Dave Beckett,
|
|
Editor, W3C Recommendation, 10 February 2004,
|
|
http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-syntax-grammar-20040210/ . <a
|
|
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar/">Latest
|
|
version</a> available at
|
|
http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar/
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt>
|
|
<a id="Stamou05" name="Stamou05">[Stamou, 2005]</a>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
G. Stamou and S. Kollias (eds). Multimedia Content and the
|
|
Semantic Web: Methods, Standards and Tools. John Wiley & Sons
|
|
Ltd, 2005
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt>
|
|
<a id="Troncy03" name="Troncy03">[Troncy, 2003]</a>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
R. Troncy. <a
|
|
href="http://springerlink.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=article&issn=0302-9743&volume=2870&spage=566">
|
|
Integrating Structure and Semantics into Audio-visual
|
|
Documents</a>. In <i><a
|
|
href="http://iswc2003.semanticweb.org/">Second International
|
|
Semantic Web Conference (ISWC 2003)</a></i>, pages 566 –
|
|
581, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA, October 20-23,
|
|
2003. Springer-Verlag Heidelberg
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt>
|
|
<a id="Tsinaraki" name="Tsinaraki">
|
|
[Tsinaraki]</a></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
Tsinaraki, C.: OWL soccer ontology available at
|
|
<a href="http://elikonas.ced.tuc.gr/ontologies/soccer.zip">http://elikonas.ced.tuc.gr/ontologies/soccer.zip</a>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt>
|
|
<a id="VDO" name="VDO">[VDO]</a>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
aceMedia Visual Descriptor Ontology, available from <a
|
|
href="http://www.acemedia.org/aceMedia/reference/resource/index.html">
|
|
http://www.acemedia.org/aceMedia/reference/resource/index.html</a>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
<dt>
|
|
<a id="XML-NS" name="XML-NS">[XML NS]</a>
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<cite>
|
|
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xml-names-19990114/">Namespaces
|
|
in XML</a></cite>, Bray T., Hollander D., Layman A.
|
|
(Editors), World Wide Web Consortium, 14 January 1999. <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xml-names-19990114/">This
|
|
version</a> is http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xml-names-19990114/. The <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/">latest version</a>
|
|
is http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/
|
|
</dd>
|
|
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ======================================================================== -->
|
|
|
|
<h2>
|
|
<a id="acknowledgments" name="acknowledgments">Acknowledgments</a>
|
|
</h2>
|
|
|
|
<hr/>
|
|
<p>$Id: Overview.html,v 1.3 2007/08/15 00:47:45 rtroncy Exp $</p>
|
|
|
|
<!-- ======================================================================== -->
|
|
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|