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<title>W3C Workshop: Augmented Reality on the Web</title>
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<h1>W3C Workshop: Augmented Reality on the Web <span class="baseline">15 - 16 June 2010, Barcelona</span></h1>
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</div>
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<div id="navigation">
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<ul>
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<li><a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/">About W3C</a></li>
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<li><a href="http://www.w3.org/2010/04/W3C-augmented-reality-workshop-omweb.htm">Call for Participation</a></li>
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<li><a href="http://www.w3.org/2010/06/w3car/papers.html">Papers</a></li>
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<li class='current'>Report</li>
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<li><a href="http://www.w3.org/2010/06/w3car/">Agenda</a></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div id="main">
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<p class="logo" style="float:right;margin-left:1em;"><a href="/"><img src="/Icons/WWW/w3c_home_nb" alt="W3C" height="48" width="72" /></a></p>
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<h2 id="report" style="clear:left;">Workshop Report</h2>
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<h3 id="intro">Introduction</h3>
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<div class="image" style="width:310px">
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<a href="http://www.w3c.or.kr/~hollobit/album/w3car-photos-small/target21.html"><img src="generalshot_small.jpg" width="300" height="210" alt="General shot of the workshop participants." /></a>
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<p>General shot of the workshop participants</p>
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</div>
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<p>This W3C Workshop was held to discuss whether and how the exciting opportunities offered by Augmented Reality
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can benefit from Web technologies. <em>Augmented Reality on the Web</em> was hosted in Barcelona by Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria
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de Telecommunicació de Barcelona (ETSETB) at Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC).
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It attracted over 40 <a href="http://www.w3.org/2010/06/w3car/attendees.html">attendees</a> and 22
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/2010/06/w3car/papers.html">papers</a>. The participants represented a broad range of businesses including
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telecom operators, device manufacturers, AR content and platform developers, AR users from the advertising world,
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academics and standards bodies.</p>
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<p>The <a href="http://www.w3.org/2010/06/w3car/">agenda</a> provided time for everyone present to participate
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in the presentations and discussions. The primary outcome of the workshop is the strong desire to
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form a new W3C working group to:</p>
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<ol>
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<li>create a standard for representing multi-dimensional Point of Interest data;</li>
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<li>survey and report on how AR standards can take into account and benefit from work ongoing in other areas such as privacy, linked data,
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geolocation, device APIs and more.</li>
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</ol>
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<p>The remainder of this report summarizes the presentations and discussions. More detailed minutes are
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available from <a href="http://www.w3.org/2010/06/15-w3car-minutes.html">day 1</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/2010/06/16-w3car-minutes.html">day 2</a>.</p>
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<p>Jonghong Jeon's photographs of the event, several of which are used here, are available in <a href="http://www.w3c.or.kr/~hollobit/album/w3car-photos-small/">small</a>
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and <a href="http://www.w3c.or.kr/~hollobit/album/w3car-photos-large/">large</a> sizes.</p>
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<h3 id="session1">What Needs to Happen for AR to Become an integral element of the Web?</h3>
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<div class="imageLeft" style="width:200px; margin-right:4em;">
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<img src="jonghong.jpg" width="200" height="396" alt="Jonghong Jeon takes a photo over the head of W3C's Francois Daoust." />
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<p>Jonghong Jeon takes a photo over the head of W3C's Francois Daoust. Also pictured are Alex Philips (IBM) and workshop co-chair Rittwik Jana (AT&T)</p>
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</div>
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<p>This was the central question of the workshop and the focus of the first session. Layar (AR service provider),
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Sony Ericsson (mobile device manufacturer) and Canon (image specialists) set out their use cases for
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Web standards work, reinforcing points made in the opening paper & presentation by ETRI. A highlight of that paper
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was when authors Jonghong Jeon, Sunghan Kim and Seungyun Lee identified 12 issues to be
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addressed before AR content providers and AR User Agents can truly be interoperable. Since these were referred to
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by several speakers throughout the workshop it's appropriate to list them here:</p>
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<ol id="jj">
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<li>AR content markup & format</li>
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<li>AR content transport/interaction method</li>
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<li>Representing 3D interactive AR content</li>
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<li>Event Scripting</li>
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<li>Local caching method</li>
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<li>Additional functionality of AR user agent</li>
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<li>Device capability access APIs</li>
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<li>AR data mashup methods</li>
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<li>AR data format - POI (images, text, 3D models, URIs)</li>
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<li>AR data service API</li>
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<li>Open marker database</li>
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<li>Security & privacy</li>
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</ol>
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<p>(See slide 14 of <a href="http://www.w3.org/2010/06/w3car/pres/W3C-GFR-hollobit-r2.pdf">Johnhong's presentation</a>).</p>
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<p>Considering all the presentations in the first session, it was clear that consensus was already beginning to coalesce around
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the need for a standard method of representing Point of Interest data as a minimum, although several other areas are of key
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interest. Notable among these is the need for rich device APIs, exposing the functionality of devices and their sensors to Augmented
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Reality services and applications. This is particularly true for mobile devices.</p>
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<h3 id="roleforstandards" style="clear:both">What Role for Standards?</h3>
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<p>The workshop focused on the general topic of standards for AR and the Web throughout so distinctions between the theme
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of each session is necessarily blurred. However, the second session looked at the kind of standards and data interactions that
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might help the advancement of AR. Participants presented a range of ideas on how AR can be seen in a broader context: social networking,
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the uploading of relevant data, and context-based filtering of the mass of data available and potentially relevant to a given
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user at a given location at a given time.</p>
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<p>These themes are familiar from the Web as we know it today but bringing that paradigm to Augmented Reality is, as yet, largely unrealized.
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Some sort of extension or new application of existing standards is required.</p>
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<p>Wolfgang Damm from Mobilizy (makers of Wikitude) presented a comparison of two efforts to create a standard to describe
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Points of Interest. One, <a href="http://openarml.org/">ARML</a>, was produced largely by his own company and is used in the
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Wikitude browser. Another, <a href="https://research.cc.gatech.edu/polaris/content/karml-reference">KARML</a>, was developed by
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a team at Georgia Tech lead by Blair McIntyre as part of the <a href="https://research.cc.gatech.edu/polaris/">KHARMA</a> environment. The latter
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uses a lot of familiar Web technologies to create an open platform to which users can contribute in much the same way as
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the <a href="http://libregeosocial.morfeo-project.org/">LibreGeoSocial Open Source</a> project presented at the workshop.</p>
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<p>An <a href="http://groups.google.com/group/openARweb/browse_thread/thread/9489ed85e2e7722f">e-mail thread</a> directed at the workshop that
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includes contributions from some of the people close to the KHARMA project and others can be seen on the
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<a href="http://groups.google.com/group/openARweb/">Open AR Googlegroup</a>.</p>
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<p>In his <a href="http://www.w3.org/2010/06/w3car/web_apps.pdf">paper</a>, Jens de Smit pointed out that much of the processing behind
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current AR applications can be and is done using standard Web technologies. Further standards are required, however, such as full access
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to the camera, accelerometer and compass within mobile devices, if the Web technologies like HTML 5 <video> element, JavaScript
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are to support AR fully. Current W3C work on, for example, the <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2010/WD-capture-api-20100401/">camera API</a>,
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is clearly important in this regard.</p>
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<div class="imageCentre" style="text-align:center; width:774px">
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<a href="http://www.w3c.or.kr/~hollobit/album/w3car-photos-small/target23.html"><img src="panel.jpg" width="774" height="189" alt="The first panel" /></a>
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<p>One of the panels. From left to right: Dirk Groten (Layar), Claudio Venezia (Telecom Italia), Alex Philips (IBM), Timo Engelke (Fraunhofer), Chris Burman (Connected Environments).</p>
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</div>
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<h3 id="widerContext">AR in a wider Context</h3>
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<p>The session entitled "Data, Reality and Things" looked at the subject of Augmented Reality from different perspectives. In
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their <a href="http://www.w3.org/2010/06/w3car/ar_for_iot.pdf">paper</a>, BDigital posited AR as an enabler for the Internet
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of Things. Connected Environments work in this space too through their product <a href="http://www.pachube.com/">Pachube</a>
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(pronounced "patch bay"), which can use AR to visualize a variety of sensor data. Chris Burman <a href="http://www.w3.org/2010/06/w3car/pres/cburman-w3cAR.pdf">presented</a>
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a list of requirements for AR that includes some items not discussed in earlier sessions:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Markers or 'hooks' for orientating content. Do we really need to stick QR codes on everything?</li>
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<li>Image recognition/processing. Generic surfaces like desktops are really hard to process).</li>
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<li>Object-scale (rather than "city scale or global scale") geo-location.</li>
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<li>Efficient caching of 3D interest (mobile Web 3D is still a bit rubbish but it's coming!)</li>
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</ul>
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<div class="imageLeft" style="width:200px">
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<img src="wolfgang.jpg" width="200" height="240" alt="Wolfgang Damm, Mobilizy" />
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<p>Mobilizy's Wolfgang Damm</p>
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</div>
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<p>If AR is to develop further as a key tool for city planning then sensor data, object data and more will perhaps need a
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common infrastructure but different users may need different levels of access to the data.</p>
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<p>This segued into the presentation from DERI about the potential for linked data in AR. Vinny Reynolds <em>et al</em>
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observed in their <a href="http://www.w3.org/2010/06/w3car/exploiting_lod_for_ar.pdf">paper</a> that some aspects of the
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proprietary systems currently used in AR browsers won't scale. How can new data be discovered and integrated into a particular
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augmented view? Available contextual information is generally under-utilized. Linked Data has a great deal to offer in
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this space. Current estimates put the number of data items available at 20 billion and it's growing rapidly with governments
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publishing more data (such as through <a href="http://www.data.gov/">data.gov</a> and <a href="http://data.gov.uk/">data.gov.uk</a>) and
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the adoption of <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-rdfa-primer/">RDFa</a> by Facebook and other major players. Much of this data is already geolocated through <a href="http://www.geonames.org/">GeoNames</a>,
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<a href="http://linkedgeodata.org/About">LinkedGeoData</a> and <a href="http://dbpedia.org/About">DBPedia</a>.</p>
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<p>There is a tendency to think of AR information superimposed in the user's visual field. Jacques
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Lemordant of INRIA <a href="http://www.w3.org/2010/06/w3car/pres/ARA_Lemordant.pdf">presented</a> a very different take
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on AR - Augmented Reality Audio. The sound capabilities of the iPhone and similar products makes this all
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the more feasible for applications including audio walking tours, geolocalized games, navigation systems and, for the pure aesthetic
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pleasure of it, soundscapes. Using a dialect of XML called A2ML, that takes its inspiration from SVG, it's
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possible to cue specific audio files or mix several files to generate complex sounds in response to events.
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Work with a very <a href=" http://www.w3.org/2010/06/w3car/pres/SoundscapeVE_Demo_WC3AR_2010.pdf">similar theme</a> is also being
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carried out in Barcelona by Nathanial Finney and Jordi Janner of Universitat Pompeu Fabra.</p>
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<p>So far all the discussion about AR on the Web has made the implicit assumption that the HTTP protocol will be
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used to transfer data from server to client. But is this appropriate? Thomas Wrobel, for one, thinks not, preferring
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Google's <a href=" http://www.lostagain.nl/websiteIndex/projects/Arn/WFPforAR.html">Wave protocol</a>. For all
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its strengths, the mood in the room, however, is that content publishers at least will be much more comfortable with what they know (i.e. HTTP).</p>
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<h3 id="getreal">Augmented Reality Gets Real</h3>
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<p>The final paper-based session centered on commercial aspects of AR. It began with a reminder of the
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potential <a href=" http://www.w3.org/2010/06/w3car/trusted_broker_framework.pdf">social impact</a> of widespread AR from Dan
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Romescu, and ended with the HCI Computer Group from the University of Oviedo <a href=" http://www.w3.org/2010/06/w3car/pres/Shubai_Project.pdf">presenting</a>
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the SHUBIA Project that applies AR to an area where there is substantial potential for development - providing supplementary information for disabled people.</p>
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<div class="image" style="width:400px">
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<img src="dinner.jpg" width="400" height="280" alt="Diners at Post Maratim" />
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<p>Diners enjoy the conference dinner at Posit Maritim sponsored by Acrossair. From left to right: Mohit Virmani (Pec University), workshop co-chair Christine Perey,
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Fátima Acíen Martinez (ARPA SOlutions), Manel Medina (UPC) & Romain Bellasort (Canon Research, France).</p>
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</div>
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<p>Other contributions in this session looked at AR prototypes and industrial solutions other than those commonly found in an 'AR Browser'
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such as those <a href=" http://www.w3.org/2010/06/w3car/pres/AR_at_IBM.pdf">in use and under development at IBM</a>
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together with <a href=" http://www.w3.org/2010/06/w3car/pres/Building_and_Medical_AR.pdf">medical and building industry</a> applications.
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It's clear that the collection of technologies loosely defined as being part of Augmented Reality do have
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very real commercial applications with significant potential for future profitable growth.
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The possible business models for AR on mobile
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were examined by Manel Medina <em>et al.</em>'s <a href=" http://www.w3.org/2010/06/w3car/Payment_for_AR_information.pdf">paper</a>].</p>
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<p>The GeoBuyMe
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project, which worked with QPORAMA, provides a solid use case. A variety of marketing and social-media tactics were used
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within an AR context, essentially alerting users when they pass within a short distance of a store that sells items they have
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added to their wish list. Printed promotional material including both coupons and point of sale displays carry QR codes (markers) and, depending on
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things like how often a user has recommended the GoBuyMe service to others, they receive smaller or larger discounts.
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Additional commercially-attractive use case for AR and the requirements of industrial users
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were discussed by Total Immersion, <a href=" http://www.w3.org/2010/06/w3car/arpa.pdf">ARPA Solutions</a>
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and the <a href=" http://www.w3.org/2010/06/w3car/young_generation.pdf">Young Generation</a>, who were all represented on the final panel.</p>
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<h3 id="demos">Demos</h3>
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<p>At the end of the first day those advertising and marketing-based companies offered a series of striking
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demos of Augmented Reality in use. Other demos were presented by Claudio Venezia of Telecom Italia
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(<a href=" http://www.w3.org/2010/06/w3car/enhance_your_brain.pdf">paper </a>) and Timo Engelke of Fraunhofer who
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<a href=" http://www.w3.org/2010/06/w3car/pres/w3carsymposium_timo.pdf">showed</a> an iPhone application that used various Web technologies including X3D.</p>
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<p>Before the end of the demo session, the workshop members saw a video demo of the
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<a href=" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_mUFS992Cw ">Acrossair AR Browser</a>. Close attention was paid to
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this video - <a href=" http://www.acrossair.com/ ">Acrossair</a> sponsored the dinner!</p>
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<h3 id="discussion">Discussions</h3>
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<div class="imageLeft" style="width:300px; margin-right:2em">
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<img src="vinneyetal.jpg" width="300" height="191" alt="DERI's Vinny Reynolds leads one of the breakout sessions" />
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<p>DERI's Vinny Reynolds leads one of the breakout sessions</p>
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</div>
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<p>In order to generate as much discussion including as many people as possible, the workshop split into three groups.</p>
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<p>The three groups discussed the AR landscape in the context of the Web and standards. They developed what they felt were the most pressing
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issues or matters of highest risk.</p>
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<p style="clear:both">Recurring themes include:</p>
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<ul style="margin-bottom:1em">
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<li>how to publish Point of Interest data once for representation across many AR services, a common AR data "tagging" standard;</li>
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<li>the importance of 3D (including X3D, the Web 3D Consortium and others)</li>
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<li>the opportunities for using and reusing Linked Data;</li>
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<li>how to make it easier to deliver the best user experience;</li>
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<li>substantial and repeated concerns over privacy;</li>
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<li>Jonghong's <a href="#jj">12 points</a>;</li>
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<li>what is a point of interest? An object? A location?</li>
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<li>interaction can come from geo-social content with crowd sourcing to increase confidence levels;</li>
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<li>inputs from other sensors, haptics, temperature can be important;</li>
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<li>existing standards need to work together with new standards;</li>
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<li>what is the origin/provenance of the data?</li>
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<li>temporal dimension as important to understanding of context as geolocation;</li>
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<li>AR is currently defined by what we have rather than what we want to do.</li>
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</ul>
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<div class="imageCentre" style="width:620px">
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<a href="christeam.jpg"><img src="christeam_sml.jpg" width="200" height="267" alt="Chris's Team flip chart thumbnail" /></a> <a href="damonteam.jpg"><img src="damonteam_sml.jpg" width="200" height="267" alt="Damon's Team flip chart thumbnail" /></a> <a href="vinnyteam.jpg"><img src="vinnyteam_sml.jpg" width="200" height="267" alt="Vinny's Team flip chart thumbnail" /></a>
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<p>Click the thumbnail for full size images of the flip charts from the three breakout sessions (in order: Chris Burman's team, Damon Hernandez's team, Vinny Reynolds' team).</p>
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</div>
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<h3 id="action">Call to action</h3>
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<div id="sponsors">
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<h2>Thanks!</h2>
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<a href="http://www.upc.edu/"><img src="upc_logo.png" width="239" height="54" alt="logo of Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Bracelona Tech (UPC" /></a><br /><a href="http://www.acrossair.com/"><img src="http://www.w3.org/2010/04/acrossair.png" width="189" height="35" alt="acrossair (logo)" id="acrossairLogo" /></a><br /><a href="http://openmediaweb.eu/"><img src="http://www.w3.org/2010/04/OMWEB_200.png" width="200" height="167" alt="Open Media Web" /></a>
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</div>
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<p>During the event, and especially during the discussion during the final two sessions of the workshop, it became clear that the need for a
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standard for publishing Point of Interest data was pressing. After considering the
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/2010/Talks/phila-w3car-options/#(1)">various options</a>, it was agreed that work on such a
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standard should, if possible, begin without delay. Jonghong Jeon pointed out that
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this is also of interest to other relevant organizations such as the
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<a href="http://www.w3c.or.kr/~hollobit/ARKR/20100603-workshop/arsw2-3.pdf">Open Mobile Alliance</a> (OMA).</p>
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<p>The <a href="http://www.w3.org/2010/06/16-w3car-minutes.html#item09">minutes from this discussion</a> show clear support for
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a full Working Group with two principal aims:</p>
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<ol>
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<li>To develop a standard for representing Point of Interest (POI) data.</li>
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<li>To contribute to the industry a Working Group Note on how AR standards can take into account and benefit from work ongoing in other
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areas such as privacy, linked data, geolocation, device APIs and more.</li>
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</ol>
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<p>To facilitate the evolution and future working of the group, a public mailing list has been established (with <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-poiwg/">archive</a>) to which you are encouraged to <a href="mailto:public-poiwg-request@w3.org?subject=subscribe">subscribe</a>!</p>
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<p>Finally, the participants thanked our host, professor <a href="http://personals.ac.upc.edu/medina/">Manel Medina</a> of UPC, the sponsors of the conference dinner,
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Acrossair and
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recognized the important contribution made by the OMWeb project which is funded by
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the European Union through the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° 248687 - Open Media Web (OMWeb).</p>
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<p><a href="mailto:phila@w3.org">Phil Archer</a> $Date: 2010/07/22 09:01:06 $ by $Author: phila $ with additional input gratefully received from <a href="http://www.perey.com/">Christine Perey</a>.</p>
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