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469 lines
22 KiB
469 lines
22 KiB
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"
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"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd">
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<HTML>
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<HEAD>
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<META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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<META name="resource-type" content="document">
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<TITLE>W3C activities related to Electronic Commerce</TITLE>
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<LINK rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="http://www.w3.org/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-NOTE.css">
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</HEAD>
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<BODY>
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<DIV class="head">
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/"><IMG src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/WWW/w3c_home"
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alt="W3C"> </A>
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<H1>
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W3C and Electronic Commerce
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</H1>
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<H2>
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W3C Note 07 January 2000
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</H2>
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<DL>
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<DT>
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This version:
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<DD>
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<A HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/NOTE-EC-related-activities-20000107">http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/NOTE-EC-related-activities-20000107</A>
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<DT>
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Latest version:
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<DD>
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/TR/EC-related-activities">http://www.w3.org/TR/EC-related-activities</A>
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<!-- <DT> Previous version:
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<DD>
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/NOTE-xhtml-roadmap-19991117">http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/NOTE-xhtml-roadmap-19991117</A>
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-->
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<DT>
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Editors:
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<DD>
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<A href="mailto:tmichel@w3.org">Thierry MICHEL</A>, W3C
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</DL>
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<P class="copyright">
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright">Copyright</A>
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©2000
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/"><abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr></A><SUP>®</SUP>
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(<A href="http://www.lcs.mit.edu/"><abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of
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Technology">MIT</abbr></A>,
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<A href="http://www.inria.fr/"><abbr lang="fr" title="Institut National de
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Recherche en
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Informatique et Automatique">INRIA</abbr></A>,
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<A href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</A>), All Rights Reserved. W3C
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">
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liability</A>,
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</A>,
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents-19990405">document
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use</A> and
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-software-19980720">software
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licensing</A> rules apply.
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<P>
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<HR>
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</DIV>
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<H2>
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Abstract
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</H2>
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<P>
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This document describes the current W3C activities related to Electronic
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Commerce for the purpose of assessing the Consortium's future role in
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ecommerce-related work. It presents the work within the
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<A HREF="http://www.w3.org/ECommerce/Activity.html">W3C Electronic Commerce
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Activity</A> and across all W3C Activities which are directly related
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to Electronic Commerce. We expect this paper to serve as the basis
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for a discussion of W3C's role in ecommerce arena and, in particular, the
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future of the <A HREF="http://www.w3.org/ECommerce/">Electronic Commerce
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Interest Group</A>.
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<H2>
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<A name="status" id="status"></A> Status of this document
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</H2>
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<P>
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This document is a NOTE made available by the W3C for discussion only.
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Publication of this Note by W3C indicates no endorsement by W3C or the W3C
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Team, or any W3C Members. This Note may be updated, replaced or rendered
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obsolete by other W3C documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use W3C
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Notes as reference material or to cite them as other than "work in progress".
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This document has been produced as part of the
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<A HREF="http://www.w3.org/ECommerce/Activity.html">W3C Electronic Commerce
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Activity</A>. <BR>
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<BR>
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Members are welcome to send detailed comments on this document to the mailing
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list of the Electronic Commerce Interest Group
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(<A HREF="mailto:w3c-ecommerce-ig@w3.org">w3c-ecommerce-ig@w3.org</A> and
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<A HREF="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-ecommerce-ig/">archives</A>
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[Member restricted]). We cannot guarantee a personal response, but we will
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try when it is appropriate.<STRONG> </STRONG><BR>
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Depending on the response from interested/affected W3C Working Groups and
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from the W3C Members at large, submitters' suggestions will be brought to
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the attention of the <A HREF="http://www.w3.org/ECommerce/">Electronic Commerce
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Interest Group</A> for further work on Electronic Commerce issues.<BR>
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<BR>
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A list of current W3C technical reports and publications, including Working
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Drafts and Notes, can be found at
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/TR">http://www.w3.org/TR</A>.
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<H2>
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<A name="contents" id="contents"></A> Table of Contents
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</H2>
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<OL>
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<LI>
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<A href="#Introduction">Introduction</A>
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<LI>
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<A href="#W3C Activities">W3C Activities related to Electronic
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Commerce</A>
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<LI>
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<A href="#Acknowledged Submissions">Acknowledged Submissions to W3C related
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to Electronic Commerce</A>
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<LI>
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<A href="#Other ressources">Other resources related to Electronic
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Commerce</A>
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<LI>
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<A href="#Conclusion">Conclusion</A>
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</OL>
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<P>
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<HR>
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<H2>
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<A name="Introduction">1-Introduction</A>
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</H2>
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<P>
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An major factor in the evolution of the Web is Electronic Commerce: the ability
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to buy, sell, and advertise goods and services to customers and consumers.
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One concern in the development of Electronic Commerce on the Web is the trust
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that can be placed in the provenance, reliability, security and privacy of
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information available from or transferred over the internet. Another concern
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is the need for low friction commerce transactions allowing quality and
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ease of use for consumers, a key factor the future of Electronic Commerce.
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The potential for global electronic commerce is immense; much of this potential
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is and will be realized by the continued development of Web technologies.
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The World Wide Web Consortium, leading the web to its full potential, is
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therefore concerned with the evolution of Electronic Commerce on the Web.
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The role of W3C is to focus on core infrastructure technologies for Electronic
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Commerce and identify common infrastructure needed in this area. W3C
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is not committed for example in specifying banking systems nor schemas for
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specific Electronic Commerce applications.
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<P>
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W3C, through the following activities is committed to key factors for success
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in the evolution of Electronic Commerce:<BR>
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<UL>
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<LI>
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The <A href="http://www.w3.org/ECommerce/Micropayments/">Micropayment
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initiative</A> specifies how to provide in a Web page all the information
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necessary to initialize a micropayment and transfer this information to the
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wallet for processing.
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<LI>
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The W3C <A href="http://www.w3.org/Metadata/">Metadata Activity</A> provides
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a means to make statements and create machine-readable statements.
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<LI>
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The W3C <A href="http://www.w3.org/DSig">Digital Signature Initiative</A>
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provides a mechanism for signing documents and metadata in order to establish
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who made the statement.
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<LI>
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The <A HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-PICSRules">PICS Rules</A> specification
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allows to establish rules that can be understood by machines and exchanged
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by users.
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<LI>
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The <A href="http://www.w3.org/P3P">Platform for Privacy Preferences
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Project</A> (P3P) provides communication about data privacy practices between
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consumers and merchant sites on the Web as well as enhanced user control
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over the use and disclosure of personal information.
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<LI>
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The now-completed
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-jepi">JEPI</A> project created the
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/Protocols/PEP">Protocol Extension Protocol</A>
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(PEP) to provide for negotiation on the Web for binding terms and conditions.
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<LI>
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Major W3C common specifications for the Web in areas such as
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<A HREF="http://www.w3.org/Protocols/">network protocols</A>,
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/UI/">graphical user interface</A>, remain the
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basis of Electronic Commerce.
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</UL>
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<H2>
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2- <A name="W3C Activities">W3C Activities</A> related to Electronic Commerce
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</H2>
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<P>
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Activities related to Electronic Commerce are widely spread across the all
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World Wide Web Consortium. The
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/ECommerce/Activity.html">Electronic Commerce
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Activity</A> is the core framework in this area, but other activities within
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W3C are also involved in Electronic Commerce like in the
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/TandS/">Technology & Society Domain</A> which
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has addressed different issues on privacy, security, and content control
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that are major concerns in Electronic Commerce and for the web of trust.
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Therefore, technologies specified in the
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/TandS/">Technology & Society Domain</A>,
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/Architecture/">Architecture Domain</A> and
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/UI/">User interface Domain</A> are
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precious for the development and for the future of Electronic Commerce.
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The Consortium is committed in the following Electronic Commerce related
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topics:
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<H3>
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2.1- The Electronic Commerce Activity
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</H3>
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<P>
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The <A href="http://www.w3.org/ECommerce/Activity.html">Electronic Commerce
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Activity</A> is of course dedicated to this area. It hosts an
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/ECommerce/">Electronic Commerce Interest Group</A>
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serving as a forum to explore cooperation and exchange ideas. This
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Interest Group has lead to the creation of Working Groups for the
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Micropayment Initiative and the Electronic Payment Initiative.
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<H4>
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2.1.a- The Electronic Commerce Interest Group
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</H4>
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<P>
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/ECommerce/">The Electronic Commerce Interest
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Group</A> is a forum designed to allow the members to evaluate potential
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Web technologies in the Electronic Commerce area and to share information
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with the Consortium staff and other members about:
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<UL compact="compact">
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<LI>
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Problems they have encountered (and proposed solutions)
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<LI>
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Priorities (in addressing the problems)
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<LI>
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Work underway in related areas
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<LI>
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What role, if any, the Consortium should play
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</UL>
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<P>
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The Electronic Commerce Interest Group has met three times in the last two
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years, in
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/ECommerce/970903-Brussels/">Brussels</A>,
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/ECommerce/980108-Seattle/">Seattle</A>, and
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/ECommerce/Micropayments/micropay-announce.html">Paris</A>.
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There is an on-going email list
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(<A HREF="mailto:w3c-ecommerce-ig@w3.org">w3c-ecommerce-ig@w3.org</A> and
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<A HREF="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Member/w3c-ecommerce-ig/">archives</A>
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[Member restricted]) associated with the Interest Group which is from its
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beginning very quiet.
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<H4>
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2.1.b- Micropayments Initiative
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</H4>
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<P>
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The Electronic Commerce Activity is currently involved in realizing the
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opportunities in
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/ECommerce/Micropayments/">Micropayments</A>, and
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this has formed the main task of the Activity for the last 12 months.
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/ECommerce/Micropayments/">Micropayments</A> are
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very small payments made over the Web for documents that you access.
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Micropayments cover transactions which are too small to be economical as
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credit card transactions, and can be as little as a fraction of a cent.
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Micropayments provide an alternative to subscription and advertising as a
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source of revenue. The Micropayments Initiative hosts two Working Groups:<BR>
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The
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/ECommerce/Micropayments/Group/MarkupWG.html">Micropayment
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Markup Working Group</A> [Member restricted]: The embedding of payment
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information in Web pages. This specification provides an extensible way to
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embed in a Web page all the information necessary to initialize a micropayment.
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<BR>
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The
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/ECommerce/Micropayments/Group/APIWG.html">Micropayments
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API Working Group</A> [Member restricted]: The API to start the wallet and
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transfer the information defined above to the wallet for processing.
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<H4>
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2.1.c- Electronic payment Initiative
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</H4>
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<P>
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The Joint Electronic Payment Initiative
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(<A href="http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-jepi">JEPI</A>) was a primary initiative
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in the Electronic Commerce Activity. It has addressed a standardized way
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of automatable negotiating payment methods between browsers and servers on
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the Web.
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<H3>
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3.1- Metadata
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</H3>
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<P>
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The <A href="http://www.w3.org/Metadata/">Metadata Activity</A> is the
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architectural underpinning of many of the Technology and Society activities.
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W3C's work on Digital Signatures, Privacy Protection, and Intellectual Property
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Rights Management are all based on the Resource Description Framework
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(<A href="http://www.w3.org/RDF/">RDF</A>) work that is at the heart of the
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/Metadata/">Metadata Activity</A>. Recently, in
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the Electronic Commerce activity, the
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/TR/WD-Micropayment-Markup/">Common Markup for
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Micropayment Per-fee-links</A> specification has suggested to use the RDF
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metadata technology for describing micropayments information.
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<H3>
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3.2- Security and Integrity
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</H3>
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<P>
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One element of trust in Electronic Commerce is the ability to reliably
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associate a statement with the person or organization who made it. While
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the underlying cryptographic technology to accomplish this is available and
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widely known, it has not yet been applied to a general-purpose system for
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creating machine readable statements. The Digital Signature Initiative
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(<A href="http://www.w3.org/DSig/">DSig</A>) fills this important role by
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specifying how to sign statements expressed as metadata.<BR>
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Another element of trust is the ability to digitally sign Web resources and
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portions of protocol messages (anything referenciable by a URI) and procedures
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for computing and verifying such signatures. It is the mission of the
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/Signature/">XML-Signature WG</A> to develop an
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/XML/">XML</A> compliant syntax for such mechanism.
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<H3>
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3.3- Privacy
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</H3>
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<P>
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Electronic Commerce involves the constant tension between the need for a
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merchant site to gain information about their costumers and the need
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for these individuals to control the release of this information to others.
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The Platform for Privacy Preferences
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(<A href="http://www.w3.org/P3P/">P3P</A>) addresses the twin goals of meeting
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the data privacy expectations of consumers on the Web while assuring that
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the medium remains available and productive for Electronic Commerce. Following
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the principle of providing consumers notice of site privacy polices, and
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allowing users to express and act upon their privacy preferences in a flexible
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manner, one goal enhances the success of the other. In addition, P3P provides
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a mechanism developing standard, extensible data sets of personal information
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to be transferred between user agents and servers,
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<H3>
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3.4- Content Control
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</H3>
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<P>
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The Platform for Internet Content Selection
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(<A href="http://www.w3.org/PICS">PICS</A>) was created as an alternative
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model to centralized government controls on indecent content. PICS encourages
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decentralized parental empowerment when addressing children's access to
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inappropriate material. <BR>
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PICS is a pair of protocols that allows labels to be applied to Internet
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content. These protocols empower any individual or organization to design
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and distribute labels reflecting their views about the content. PICS was
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spearheaded by the Consortium as a practical alternative to global governmental
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censorship of the Internet. In addition, the same technology facilitates
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searching the Web, and providing a foundation for establishing trust in
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information on the Web.
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<H3>
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3.5- Intellectual Property Rights
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</H3>
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<P>
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The W3C is considering the issue of making it easier for users to comply
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with Intellectual Property Rights (<A href="http://www.w3.org/IPR/">IPR</A>)
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policies. Combining payment and labeling technologies will make it simple
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for IP owners to express the terms and conditions related to their materials,
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and for users to comply with the stated policies. Business policies are extremely
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important to the development of the Electronic Commerce.
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<H3>
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3.6- XML schema
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</H3>
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<P>
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Extensible Markup Language (<A href="http://www.w3.org/XML/">XML</A>) will
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play an increasingly important role in the exchange of a wide variety of
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data on the Web, especially in Business to Business Electronic Commerce and
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Electronic Data Interchange.<BR>
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In addition to the XML, the
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/XML/Activity#schema-wg">XML Schema Working Group</A>
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is addressing means for defining the structure, content and semantics
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of such XML documents. The
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-xml-schema-req">XML Schema Requirements</A>
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document specifies the purpose, basic usage scenarios, design principles,
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and base requirements for an XML schema language.
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<H3>
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3.7- Other technical common specifications
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</H3>
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<P>
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Technical common specifications as standards are critical to the long term
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Electronic Commerce success on the Internet as they can allow products and
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services from different vendors to work together. They also encourage competition
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and reduce uncertainty in the global marketplace. W3C, as a global and neutral
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technology development forum, develops common specifications for the
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Web in areas such as network protocols, graphical user interface, allowing
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reliability, interoperability, ease of use and scalability in Electronic
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Commerce on the web. <BR>
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The Consortium is also working towards making information on the Web accessible
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to all kind of devices such as mobiles phones
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(<A href="http://www.w3.org/Mobile/">Mobile Access</A>) and television
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(<A href="http://www.w3.org/Architecture/#Television">TVWeb</A>), therefore
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extending the access range for consumers to Electronic Commerce.
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<H2>
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4- <A name="Acknowledged Submissions">Acknowledged Submissions</A> to W3C
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related to Electronic Commerce
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</H2>
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<P>
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W3C Member organizations may submit submissions to propose technology or
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other ideas for consideration by W3C. W3C has
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/Submission/">acknowledged Submissions</A> from
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Members that are related to the Electronic Commerce area. These submissions
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were brought to the attention of the participants in the Electronic Commerce
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Interest Group for consideration. Related Working Group are invited to pick
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up these Submissions for discussion as requirements and design input.
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<BR>
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These documents are also made available to the public for consideration.
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<UL>
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<LI>
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/Submission/1999/02/">UCLP</A> - The Universal
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Commerce Language and Protocol is an Extensible Markup Language (XML) application
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for metadata related to commercial products and companies and that can be
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used in identifying and retrieving product data residing across the Internet.
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<LI>
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/Submission/1998/18/">ICE</A> - The Information
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and Content Exchange Protocol proposes a protocol and data format to implement
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the shared business rules in the domain of syndicated content, on top of
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the Web infrastructure of XML, HTTP, and URIs.
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<LI>
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/Submission/1998/16/">XFDL</A> - The Extensible
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Forms Description Language describes an XML syntax to represent complex forms
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such as those found in business and government.
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<LI>
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<A href="http://www.w3.org/Submission/1998/09/">SDML</A>- The Signed Document
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Markup Language describes how to structure a complete signed document, with
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the material being signed as part of the document. We expect that a web-based
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document signature scheme would have to address external documents, also
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referenced by URI. SMDL was an important initial contribution to the
|
|
<A href="http://www.w3.org/Signature">XML Signature</A> Working Group.
|
|
</UL>
|
|
<H2>
|
|
5- <A name="Other ressources">Other resources</A> related to Electronic
|
|
Commerce
|
|
</H2>
|
|
<P>
|
|
Following is a non exhaustive list of resources related to Electronic
|
|
Commerce:
|
|
<UL>
|
|
<LI>
|
|
<A href="http://www.biztalk.org/">Biztalk</A> - A community of standards
|
|
users, with the goal of driving the rapid, consistent adoption of XML to
|
|
enable electronic commerce and application integration.
|
|
<LI>
|
|
<A href="http://www.commerce.net/">CommerceNet</A> - CommerceNet is a non-profit
|
|
membership organization meeting the evolving needs of companies doing electronic
|
|
commerce. Since its founding in 1994, CommerceNet's mission has been to promote
|
|
and advance interoperable electronic commerce to support emerging communities
|
|
of commerce.
|
|
<LI>
|
|
<A href="http://www.ECML.org/">ECML</A> - The Electronic Commerce Modeling
|
|
Language provides a simple set of guidelines for web merchants that will
|
|
enable digital wallets from multiple vendors to automate the exchange of
|
|
information between users and merchants.
|
|
<LI>
|
|
<A href="http://www.fstc.org/index.html">FSTC</A> - The mission of the Financial
|
|
Services Technology Consortium (FSTC) is to leverage the strength of US financial
|
|
services organizations through joint research and development focused on
|
|
technology opportunities, adding business value, managing risk, and reducing
|
|
costs.
|
|
<LI>
|
|
<A href="http://www.IOTP.org/">IOTP</A> - The Open Trading Protocol was developed
|
|
by a number of organisations, working co-operatively to make widespread Internet
|
|
trading a convenient and secure reality.
|
|
<LI>
|
|
<A href="http://www.oasis-open.org/">OASIS</A> - A community resource designed
|
|
to provide a credible source of accurate, timely information about the
|
|
application of XML in industrial and commercial settings.
|
|
<LI>
|
|
<A href="http://www.geocities.com/WallStreet/Floor/5815/index.html">XML/EDI</A>
|
|
- Provides a standard framework to exchange different types of data -- for
|
|
example, an invoice, healthcare claim, project status -- so that the information
|
|
be it in a transaction, exchanged via an Application Program Interface (API),
|
|
web automation, database portal, catalog, a workflow document or message
|
|
can be searched, decoded, manipulated, and displayed consistently and correctly
|
|
by first implementing EDI dictionaries and extending our vocabulary via on-line
|
|
repositories to include our business language, rules and objects.
|
|
</UL>
|
|
<H2>
|
|
6- <A name="Conclusion">Conclusion</A>
|
|
</H2>
|
|
<P>
|
|
W3C work on Web technologies has an an important enabling impact on Electronic
|
|
Commerce. Members requesting Submission Acknowledgment from W3C have obviously
|
|
demonstrated their interest in the Electronic Commerce area. Though the
|
|
Electronic commerce Activity is currently working on Micropayments, we have
|
|
to envision the future of this activity. Based on reaction to this document,
|
|
we will consider hosting a face-to-face meeting of the Electronic Commerce
|
|
Interest Group shortly. Members are welcome to join the mailing list for
|
|
the Electronic Commerce Interest Group. To do so, please send mail to
|
|
<A href="mailto:w3c-ecommerce-ig-request@w3.org">w3c-ecommerce-ig-request@w3.org</A>.
|
|
Members are, as always, invited to suggest new Web technologies to explore
|
|
and to demonstrated their motivation related to Electronic Commerce.
|
|
<P>
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