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<title>W3C Semantic Web Interest Group: Basic Geo (WGS84
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lat/long) Vocabulary</title>
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<!-- Your content is starting after this -->
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<h1><a href="/2001/sw/interest/">W3C Semantic Web Interest Group</a></h1>
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<h2>Basic Geo (WGS84 lat/long) Vocabulary</h2>
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<p>Nearby in the Web: <a href=
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"http://esw.w3.org/topic/GeoInfo">ESW:GeoInfo wiki</a> | <a
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href="http://del.icio.us/tag/geo">del.icio.us/tag/geo</a> |<a
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href="http://locative.us/">locative.us</a> | <a
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href="http://mappinghacks.com/">Mapping Hacks</a> | <a
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href="http://www.schemaweb.info/schema/SchemaDetails.aspx?id=42">SchemaWeb entry</a>
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</p>
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<p>Editor: <a href="/People/DanBri/">Dan Brickley</a>
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<<a href="mailto:danbri@danbri.org">danbri@danbri.org</a>> (SWIG Chair)</p>
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<p>This is a <em>basic</em> RDF vocabulary that provides the
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Semantic Web community with a namespace for representing
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<strong>lat</strong>(itude), <strong>long</strong>(itude) and
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other information about spatially-located things, using WGS84 as
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a reference datum.</p>
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<p>The vocabulary is getting significant usage, both (as intended)
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within RDF documents, but also as a namespace used within non-RDF XML
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documents, such as RSS 2.0 (<a href="#nonrdf">see below</a>).
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</p>
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<p>
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The <a
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href="http://locative.net/workshop/index.cgi?Locative_Packets">Locative
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packets</a> format uses this vocabulary, as do Map Bureau's <a
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href="http://www.mapbureau.com/rdfmapper/">RDF mapping</a> tools.
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The <a href="http://geocoder.us/">geocoder.us</a> site, provides a free
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geocoding service for the US, based on TIGER data, and accessible via
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an <a href="http://geocoder.us/help/">RDF Web service</a> that uses this
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vocabulary. Other applications include <a
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href="http://blogmapper.com/#howloc">blogmapper</a> and <a
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href="http://openguides.org/">openguides</a>. The <a
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href="http://brainoff.com/worldkit/doc/rss.php">WordKit</a> system
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also uses it for geocoding RSS 1.0 (ie. RDF), RSS 2.0 (non-RDF) and Atom
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(non-RDF). The <a href="http://developer.yahoo.net/maps/">Yahoo!
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Maps</a> service also makes use of this namespace, although
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apparently only within a RSS 2.0 context. See the <a
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href="http://esw.w3.org/topic/GeoInfo">ESW:GeoInfo</a> Wiki
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entry for links to other uses of this work.
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</p>
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<h2 id="status">Status of this Document</h2>
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<p>This document was created as an informal collaboration within
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W3C's <a href="/2001/sw/interest/">Semantic Web Interest
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Group</a>. This work is not currently on the W3C <a href=
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"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/Process-20040205/tr.html#Reports">recommendation
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track</a> for standardization, and has not been subject to the
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associated review process, quality assurance, etc. If there is
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interest amongst the W3C membership in standards work on a
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location/mapping RDF vocabulary, this current work may inform any
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more formal efforts to follow.</p>
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<h2 id="overview">Overview</h2>
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<p>This vocabulary begins an exploration of the
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possibilities of representing mapping/location data in RDF, and
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does not attempt to address many of the issues covered in the
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professional GIS world, notably by the <a href="http://www.opengeospatial.org/">Open Geospatial Consortium</a>
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(OGC). Instead, we provide just a few basic terms that can be used in RDF (eg. <a
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href="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/">RSS 1.0</a> or <a
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href="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/">FOAF</A> documents)
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when there is a need to describe latitudes and longitudes. The
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motivation for using RDF as a carrier for lat/long info is RDF's
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capability for cross-domain data mixing. We can describe not only
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maps, but the entities that are positioned on the map. And we can use
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any relevant RDF vocabularies to do so, without the need for expensive
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pre-coordination, or for changes to a centrally maintained schema.
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</p>
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<!-- http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/graphics/tmbltext.html -->
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<h2 id="example">Examples</h2>
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<p>A basic, standalone example:</p>
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<pre>
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<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
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xmlns:geo="http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#">
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<geo:Point>
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<geo:lat>55.701</geo:lat>
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<geo:long>12.552</geo:long>
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</geo:Point>
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</rdf:RDF>
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</pre>
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<p>
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An <a
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href="http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/talks/200404-nict/slide6-2.html">example</a>
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that combines Geo, <a href="http://www.dublincore.org/">Dublin Core</a>
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and <a href="http://www.foaf-project.org/">FOAF</a> vocabularies:
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</p>
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<pre>
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<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
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xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
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xmlns:geo="http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#"
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xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
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xmlns="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/">
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<Person>
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<name>Dan Brickley</name>
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<homepage dc:title="Dan's home page"
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rdf:resource="http://danbri.org/"/>
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<based_near geo:lat="51.47026" geo:long="-2.59466"/><span style="color: green;">
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<rdfs:seeAlso rdf:resource="<a href="http://danbri.org/foaf.rdf">http:/danbri.org/foaf.rdf</a>"/></span>
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<!-- more RDF here, using any RDF vocabularies -->
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</Person>
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</rdf:RDF>
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</pre>
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<p>An example (from <a
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href="http://brainoff.com/worldkit/doc/rss.php">WorldKit</a>) of
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geo-coding with RSS 1.0:</p>
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<div class="code">
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<?xml version="1.0"?><br/>
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<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
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<span
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style="color:red">xmlns:geo="http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#"</span>
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xmlns="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/">
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<br/><br/>...<br/><br/>
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<item rdf:about="http://example.com/geo"><br/>
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<title>An example annotation</title><br/>
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<link>http://example.com/geo</link><br/>
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<description>Just an example</description><br/>
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<span style="color:red"> <geo:lat>26.58</geo:lat><br/>
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<geo:long>-97.83</geo:long><br/></span>
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</item>
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<br/><br/>...<br/><br/>
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</rdf:RDF>
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</div>
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<!-- with an emphasis on representing WGS84 (world geodesic survey) -->
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<!--
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<p>This document is a first-cut at providing some accompanying context
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for the RDF vocabulary described below. Any supporting files can be accessed by
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<a href="#files">browsing the file listings</a> provided below. </p> -->
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<h2 id="history">History</h2>
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<p>The origin of this workspace was the <a href=
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"http://rdfig.xmlhack.com/2003/01/09/2003-01-09.html#1042129747.716114">
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2003-01-09 discussion</a> in the RDF Interest Group <a href=
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"/RDF/Interest#irc">IRC channel</a>. We are taking a similar
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approach to the exploration of RDF vocabulary for calendars,
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although that work is more mature. See the <a href=
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"http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/">RDF Calendar Workspace</a> for
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more information.</p>
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<h2 id="vocabulary">Basic RDF Geo Vocabulary: Point/lat/long/alt</h2>
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<p>See the <a
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href="http://www.schemaweb.info/schema/SchemaInfo.aspx?id=42">SchemaWeb</a>
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site for an overview of classes and properties, or the <a
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href="http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#">underlying RDFS/OWL</a>
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vocabulary description.</p>
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<p>Currently we specify only a very minimalistic RDF vocabulary
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for describing <strong>Point</strong>s with
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<strong>lat</strong>itude, <strong>long</strong>itude, and
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<strong>alt</strong>itude properties from the WGS84 reference
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datum specification.</p>
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<p>This design allows for basic information about points to be
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described in RDF/XML, and augmented with more sophisticated or
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application-specific metadata.</p>
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<p>The vocabulary also defines a property
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<strong>lat_long</strong>, but this should probably be removed,
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as few commentators have valued it.</p>
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<p>The vocabulary defines a class 'Point', whose members are
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points. Points can be described using the 'lat', 'long' and 'alt'
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properties, as well as with other RDF properties defined
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elsewhere. For example, we might use an externally defined
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property such as 'bornNear' or 'withinFiveMilesFrom', or perhaps
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other properties for representing lat/long/alt in non-WGS84
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systems.</p>
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<p>The 'lat' and 'long' properties take literal (ie. textual values),
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each in decimal degrees. The 'alt' property is decimal metres about
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local reference ellipsoid.</p>
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<h3>Design note: Datatyping and Whitespace</h3>
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<p>Whitespace in property values is insignificant, and
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discouraged. We do not use RDF's datatyping mechanism in the
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vocabulary's schema to note that the <code>rdfs:range</code> of
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the <code>lat</code>,<code>long</code> and <code>alt</code>
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properties are XML Schema <code>float</code> datatypes. Instead,
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from RDF's point of view, the properties are simply strings.</p>
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<p>This reduces the syntactic burden on RDF/XML documents using
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our vocabulary, since we write lat and long information as
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strings. The string representation of lat and long should follow
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the rules for XML Schema <code>float</code>, even though we do
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not indicate explicitly in RDF that we are representing floating
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point numbers. A future version of this document may be stricter
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about whitespace when marking up <code>float</code> values, so it
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is probably best to avoid any whitespace in your lat/long/alt
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markup.</p>
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<p>The semantics of the lat/long/alt properties are unaffected by
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xml:lang values, if present.</p>
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<h3 id="nonrdf">Design note: non-RDF XML</h3>
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<p>While it is quite possible to use the namespace in non-RDF XML
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documents, developers should note that this reduces the availability of
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such data within the <em>Semantic Web</em>, since specialist knowledge
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of each XML tagset is needed before data can be safely interpreted. The
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<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/NOTE-grddl-20040413/">GRDDL</a>
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specification offers an XSLT-based mechanism for mapping such data
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into RDF.
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</p>
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<h2 id="discussion">Discussion</h2>
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<p>As this is an RDF vocabulary, we define properties of a kind
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of thing, a Point, rather than the structure and characteristics
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of an XML document type. XML Schemas and DTDs typically adopt the
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latter approach, and thus provide more guarantees about the
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information content of each document of some type. By contrast,
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our RDF vocabulary provides no guarantee about which things will
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be described in any particular RDF/XML document. For example, it
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may turn out that many point descriptions omit the altitude
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property, 'alt'. This doesn't make those documents
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<em>invalid</em> in any sense; they are merely less
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informative.</p>
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<p>We can note some rules for reasoning about the identity
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conditions for points. If we encounter a description of a
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<strong>Point</strong>, call it ?X, and another, call it ?Y, and
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?X and ?Y have identical values for their 'lat' and 'long' and
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'alt' properties, we can conclude that ?X == ?Y, ie. that ?X and
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?Y represent the self-same thing. Anything that has any 'lat',
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'long' or 'alt' properties will be a 'Point'. In our RDF Schema
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for the vocabulary, we indicate this using the rdfs:domain
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property.</p>
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<p>A <strong>Point</strong> has only one 'lat', only one 'long',
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and only one 'alt'; we could use W3C's Web Ontology Language
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(OWL) to express this. OWL allows us to note that these RDF
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properties are 'functional properties'.
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<!-- @@TODO: <em>does it?
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or does OWL only allow this for non-datatype properties?</em> --></p>
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<h2 id="documents">Documents</h2>
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<ul>
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<li>An <a href="http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#">RDF
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vocabulary for WGS84 latitude/longitude/altitude markup</a>
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(namespace uri: <a href=
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"http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#">http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#</a>)</li>
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<li><a href=
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"http://rdfig.xmlhack.com/2003/01/10/2003-01-10.html#1042200521.031970">
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2003-01-10 #rdfig links</a>, including test data</li>
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<li><a href="http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/">SWIG Basic Geo (WGS84 lat/long) Vocabulary</a> (this document)</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="development">Development Plans</h2>
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<p>Regarding the <a href=
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"http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#">http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#</a>
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vocabulary: it is pretty simple and should hopefully stay that
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way, ie. short and simple enough to memorise and use. There may
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be some need to extend it, based on deployment experience, test
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cases etc. Time will tell.</p>
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<p>Interested SWIG members meet occasionally in the <a href=
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"irc://irc.freenode.net:6667/swig">#swig</a> IRC channel on
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FreeNode. The <a href=
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"http://ilrt.org/discovery/chatlogs/swig/">IRC logs</a> and
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<a href="http://swig.xmlhack.com/">weblogs</a> generally serve as
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meeting records. At the time of writing, no meetings are
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scheduled.</p>
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<p>For related work and further discussion and collaboration, see
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the <a href="http://esw.w3.org/topic/GeoInfo">GeoInfo</a> entry
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in the <a href="http://esw.w3.org/topic/FrontPage">ESW
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Wiki</a>.</p>
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<hr />
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<p>Contact: <a href="http://danbri.org/">Dan Brickley</a>
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|
<<a href="mailto:danbri@danbri.org">danbri@danbri.org</a>></p>$Id:
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|
HEADER.html,v 1.38 2004/02/06 17:38:12 danbri Exp $
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<h4>recent changes</h4>
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|
<pre>
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$Log: Overview.html,v $
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Revision 1.21 2006/02/01 22:14:46 danbri
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added a parag noting decimal degrees for lat and long; decimal metres above ellipsoid for alt
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Revision 1.20 2005/07/08 18:22:34 danbri
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A few more introductory words.
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Revision 1.19 2005/07/08 18:14:35 danbri
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added links to rss1, dublincore, foaf pages
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Revision 1.18 2005/07/08 18:01:08 danbri
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s/rdfig/swig/ somewhere i missed
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Revision 1.17 2005/07/08 17:59:11 danbri
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trimmed
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Revision 1.16 2005/07/08 17:55:54 danbri
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more links
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Revision 1.15 2005/07/08 17:45:30 danbri
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added geocoder link
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Revision 1.14 2005/07/08 17:44:41 danbri
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added geocoder link
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Revision 1.13 2005/07/08 17:19:35 danbri
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markup bug
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Revision 1.12 2005/07/08 17:18:25 danbri
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noted that 2nd eg uses DC too
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Revision 1.11 2005/07/08 17:17:08 danbri
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CSS
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Revision 1.10 2005/07/08 17:14:35 danbri
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CSS
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Revision 1.9 2005/07/08 17:11:56 danbri
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CSS
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Revision 1.8 2005/07/08 17:11:06 danbri
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CSS
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Revision 1.7 2005/07/08 17:05:26 danbri
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more examples
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Revision 1.6 2005/07/08 16:55:36 danbri
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tidying text
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Revision 1.5 2005/07/08 16:54:25 danbri
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moved nonrdf later into doc
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Revision 1.4 2005/07/08 16:51:59 danbri
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markup fixes
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Revision 1.3 2005/07/08 16:50:41 danbri
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more text, discussion of non-rdf xml, and links to apps
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Revision 1.2 2005/07/08 16:33:23 danbri
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added more navigation
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Revision 1.1 2005/07/08 16:25:23 danbri
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new writeup
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Revision 1.38 2004/02/06 17:38:12 danbri
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Fixed a bad commit screwup
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Revision 1.36 2003/12/14 02:23:14 danbri
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anchored
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Revision 1.35 2003/12/14 02:19:29 danbri
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anchored
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Revision 1.34 2003/04/03 00:30:01 danbri
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removed related links; linked to Wiki instead
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Revision 1.33 2003/02/19 00:40:10 danbri
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removed SuckyCaps from Grub[Ss]treet (even if it is WikiBased :)
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Revision 1.32 2003/01/11 19:02:23 danbri
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Updated datatypes section, now that datatyping has been removed from the
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schema.
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Revision 1.31 2003/01/11 12:27:52 danbri
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Added link to 2.2M Danish addresses.
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Revision 1.30 2003/01/11 12:09:12 danbri
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Added Sean Palmer's work on computing distances in RDF, and his infomesh-geo schema.
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Revision 1.29 2003/01/11 12:03:33 danbri
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Added link to Sean Palmer's 'geo' URN proposal.
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Revision 1.28 2003/01/11 11:19:58 danbri
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Revised the note re whitespace to mention use of RDF datatyping, and
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to discourage use of whitespace. This should be re-organised to separate the
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two issues. Also noted need for clearer advice on the whitespace issue.
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Revision 1.27 2003/01/11 10:57:40 danbri
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Added final '#' to namespace uriref in one place that I missed yesterday.
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Revision 1.26 2003/01/11 01:23:25 danbri
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Added DAML Geofile data.
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Revision 1.25 2003/01/10 23:05:49 danbri
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Changed to say: *An* RDF Geo vocab... (there will doubtless be others).
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Revision 1.24 2003/01/10 22:52:40 danbri
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Fixed a bug in the identity reasoning section ('alt' was ommitted from
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the identity rules). Added a paragraph contrasting RDF and XML schema
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systems.
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Revision 1.23 2003/01/10 22:33:54 danbri
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Added example snippet. Also Syndic8 Geo metadata maker.
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Revision 1.22 2003/01/10 21:31:43 danbri
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Swapped a couple of paragraphs around, fixed some markup bugs and added a comment
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explaining the role of rdfs:domain.
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Revision 1.21 2003/01/10 21:28:29 danbri
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Re-organised the page, and added some more detailed description of the
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Point/lat/long/alt design, mentioning identity rules for the Point class and
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the possible use of OWL to clarify the design.
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Revision 1.20 2003/01/10 19:53:43 danbri
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Added DCMI Point Encoding Scheme.
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Revision 1.19 2003/01/10 19:46:54 danbri
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Adding final '#' to geo vocab namespace uriref, for consistency with schema.
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Revision 1.18 2003/01/10 19:45:28 danbri
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Added link to Syndic8 metadata spec.
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Revision 1.17 2003/01/10 17:58:22 danbri
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Added a link to GML 2.0, Simon Cox et al. for OGC., Feb 2001.
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Revision 1.16 2003/01/10 17:50:22 danbri
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Added Muxway links, from Joshua Schachter.
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Revision 1.15 2003/01/10 17:45:20 danbri
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Added @semantics link from Alberto.
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Revision 1.14 2003/01/10 16:51:46 danbri
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Added streetmap Perl module, and reference to xmethods.net web service
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directory.
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Revision 1.13 2003/01/10 16:43:03 danbri
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Added GeoURL location/add yourself page, NVML and DCMI Box Encoding
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Scheme.
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Revision 1.12 2003/01/10 16:09:45 danbri
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Added Spacenamespace sample data from Jo Walsh, and ptr to PostGIS docs.
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Revision 1.11 2003/01/10 14:15:14 danbri
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Noted that OSGB FAQ includes pointers to conversion code.
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Revision 1.10 2003/01/10 14:13:05 danbri
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Added Garmin, UK waypoints and OS links.
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Revision 1.9 2003/01/10 12:50:21 danbri
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added previous cvs history, so you can see how busy I've been...
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revision 1.8
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date: 2003/01/10 12:48:14; author: danbri; state: Exp; lines: +8 -1
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added blogmapper and rdfmap links
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revision 1.7
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date: 2003/01/10 12:42:05; author: danbri; state: Exp; lines: +4 -1
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added rdfmap
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revision 1.6
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date: 2003/01/10 12:37:16; author: danbri; state: Exp; lines: +27 -8
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added Status info
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revision 1.5
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date: 2003/01/10 12:30:23; author: danbri; state: Exp; lines: +3 -1
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added opengis consortium
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revision 1.4
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date: 2003/01/10 11:59:03; author: danbri; state: Exp; lines: +3 -2
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fixed buglet in vocab, added more wgs links
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revision 1.3
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date: 2003/01/10 11:46:43; author: danbri; state: Exp; lines: +4 -4
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added more links
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revision 1.2
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date: 2003/01/10 11:40:50; author: danbri; state: Exp; lines: +5 -5
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added more links
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revision 1.1
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date: 2003/01/10 11:28:17; author: danbri; state: Exp;
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first cut at contextual overview doc
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</pre>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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