You can not select more than 25 topics
Topics must start with a letter or number, can include dashes ('-') and can be up to 35 characters long.
228 lines
8.7 KiB
228 lines
8.7 KiB
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"
|
|
"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd">
|
|
<html lang="en">
|
|
<head>
|
|
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
|
|
<meta name="PRAGMA" content="no-cache">
|
|
<meta name="RCS-Id" content="$Id: Overview.html,v 1.6 1999/07/09 17:42:28 renaudb Exp $">
|
|
<title>Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) 1.01 Specification</title>
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen"
|
|
href="/StyleSheets/TR/W3C-REC.css">
|
|
</head>
|
|
<body>
|
|
|
|
<div class="head">
|
|
|
|
<a href="http://www.w3.org/"><img height="48" width="72"
|
|
alt="W3C" src="/Icons/w3c_home.gif"></a>
|
|
|
|
<h1>Mathematical Markup Language (MathML<sup>™</sup>) 1.01
|
|
Specification</h1>
|
|
|
|
<h2>W3C Recommendation, revision of 7 July 1999</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
<I>REC-MathML-19980407; revised 19990707</I>
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt>This version:</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<a href="http://www.w3.org/1999/07/REC-MathML-19990707">http://www.w3.org/1999/07/REC-MathML-19990707</a>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt>Latest version:</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-MathML">http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-MathML</a>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt>Previous version:</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-MathML-19980407">http://www.w3.org/TR/1998/REC-MathML-19980407</a>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt>Editors:</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
Patrick Ion <a href="mailto:ion@ams.org"><ion@ams.org></a><br>
|
|
(Mathematical Reviews / American Mathematical Society) <br>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
Robert Miner <a
|
|
href="mailto:rminer@geomtech.com"><rminer@geomtech.com></a><br>
|
|
(Geometry Technologies, Inc.) <br>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt>Principal Writers:</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
Stephen Buswell, Stan Devitt, Angel Diaz, Patrick Ion, Robert
|
|
Miner,<br>
|
|
Nico Poppelier, Bruce Smith, Neil Soiffer, Robert Sutor, Stephen Watt
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<p class="copyright"><a
|
|
href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Copyright"><br>
|
|
Copyright</a> © 1999 <a href="http://www.w3.org/">W3C</a> (<a
|
|
href="http://www.lcs.mit.edu/">MIT</a>, <a
|
|
href="http://www.inria.fr/">INRIA</a>, <a
|
|
href="http://www.keio.ac.jp/">Keio</a>), All Rights Reserved. W3C
|
|
<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#Legal_Disclaimer">liability</a>,
|
|
<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/ipr-notice#W3C_Trademarks">trademark</a>,
|
|
<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-documents">document
|
|
use</a> and
|
|
<a href="http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/copyright-software">software
|
|
licensing</a> rules apply.</p>
|
|
<hr title="Separator for header">
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<h2><a name="abstract">Abstract</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>This specification defines the Mathematical Markup
|
|
Language, or
|
|
<acronym title="Mathematical Markup Language">MathML</acronym>.
|
|
MathML is an XML application for describing mathematical
|
|
notation and capturing both its structure and content. The
|
|
goal of MathML is to enable mathematics to be served,
|
|
received, and processed on the Web, just as
|
|
<acronym title="Hypertext Markup Language">HTML</acronym>
|
|
has enabled this functionality for text.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>This specification of the markup language MathML is
|
|
intended primarily for a readership consisting of those who
|
|
will be developing or implementing renderers or editors using
|
|
it, or software that will communicate using MathML as a
|
|
protocol for input or output. It is not a User's Guide but
|
|
rather a reference document.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>This document begins with background information on
|
|
mathematical notation, the problems it poses, and the
|
|
philosophy underlying the solutions MathML proposes. MathML
|
|
can be used to encode both mathematical notation and
|
|
mathematical content. Twenty-eight of the MathML tags
|
|
describe abstract notational structures, while another
|
|
seventy-five provide a way of unambiguously specifying the
|
|
intended meaning of an expression. Additional chapters
|
|
discuss how the MathML content and presentation elements
|
|
interact, and how MathML renderers might be implemented and
|
|
should interact with browsers. Finally, this document
|
|
addresses the issue of MathML entities (extended characters)
|
|
and their relation to fonts.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>While MathML is human-readable it is anticipated that, in
|
|
all but the simplest cases, authors will use equation
|
|
editors, conversion programs, and other specialized software
|
|
tools to generate MathML. Several early versions of such
|
|
MathML tools already exist, and a number of others, both
|
|
freely available software and commercial products, are under
|
|
development.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h2><a name="status">Status of this document</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>This document has been reviewed by
|
|
<acronym title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</acronym>
|
|
Members and other interested parties and has been endorsed by
|
|
the Director as a W3C Recommendation. It is a stable document
|
|
and may be used as reference material or cited as a normative
|
|
reference from another document. W3C's role in making the
|
|
Recommendation is to draw attention to the specification and
|
|
to promote its widespread deployment. This enhances the
|
|
functionality and interoperability of the Web.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The fundamental
|
|
<a href="http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TR/REC-xml">eXtensible Markup
|
|
Language
|
|
(<acronym title="Extensible Markup
|
|
Language">XML</acronym>)</a>
|
|
1.0 specification upon which MathML is based has been adopted
|
|
as a W3C Recommendation. Should future changes in the XML
|
|
specification necessitate changes in the MathML specification,
|
|
it is the intention of the W3C Math Working Group to issue a
|
|
revision of the MathML specification. However, any changes
|
|
are very unlikely to be substantial.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Most of this document represents technology tested by multiple
|
|
implementations. A summary of MathML rendering and authoring software
|
|
is described on the <a href="http://www.w3.org/Math">W3C Math Working
|
|
Group</a> home page.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-math">www-math</a>
|
|
mailing list is a public forum for questions and comments about MathML
|
|
and issues related to putting math on the Web.</p>
|
|
|
|
<P>The W3C Math Working Group intends further development of
|
|
recommendations for mathematics on the Web, as set out
|
|
<a href="chapter1.html#goals">below</a>.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>A list of current W3C Recommendations and other technical reports
|
|
can be found at <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR">http://www.w3.org/TR</a>.</P>
|
|
|
|
<p><em>This document is a revised version of the document first released
|
|
on 7 April 1998. <a href="appendixG.html">Changes from the original
|
|
version</a> are only editorial in nature. The present W3C Math
|
|
Working Group is working on further improvements of MathML.</em></p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>Available formats</h3>
|
|
<p>The MathML 1.01 W3C Recommendation is made available in different formats
|
|
from the <a HREF="http://www.w3.org/Math">W3C Math WG's site</A>. In case
|
|
of a discrepancy between any of the derived forms and that found in
|
|
the W3C's archive of Recommendations the definitive version is naturally
|
|
the Recommendation. At first it is expected that zipped and gzipped
|
|
bundles will be made available, but such easily printable formats as
|
|
PostScript or PDF may be supplied.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3>Available languages</h3>
|
|
|
|
<p>The English version of this specification is the only normative
|
|
version. However, for translations of this document, see
|
|
<a href="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/mathml101-updates/translations.html">
|
|
http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/mathml101-updates/translations.html</a>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>Errata</h3>
|
|
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt>The list of known errors in this specification is available at:
|
|
<dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/mathml101-updates/errata.html">
|
|
http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/mathml101-updates/errata.html</a>.
|
|
</dl>
|
|
|
|
<p>Please report errors in this document to <a
|
|
href="mailto:www-math@w3.org">www-math@w3.org</a>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<h2><a name="contents">Table of contents</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p><a href="toc.html"><b>Extended Table of Contents</b></a></p>
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="chapter1.html">Chapter 1. Introduction</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="chapter2.html">Chapter 2. MathML Fundamentals</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="chap3_1.html">Chapter 3. Presentation Markup</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="chap4_1.html">Chapter 4. Content Markup</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="chapter5.html">Chapter 5. Mixing Presentation and Content </a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="chapter6.html">Chapter 6. Entities, Characters and Fonts</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="chapter7.html">Chapter 7. Implementing MathML</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="appendixA.html">Appendix A.
|
|
<acronym title="Document Type Definition">DTD</acronym>
|
|
for MathML</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="appendixB.html">Appendix B. Glossary</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="appendixC.html">Appendix C. Operator Dictionary</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="appendixD.html">Appendix D. Working Group Membership</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="appendixE.html">Appendix E. Informal
|
|
<acronym title="Extended Backus-Naur Form">EBNF</acronym>
|
|
Grammar for Content Elements</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="appendixF.html">Appendix F. Default Semantic Bindings for
|
|
Content Elements</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="appendixG.html">Appendix G. MathML 1.0 Changes</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="refs.html">References</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|
|
|